Caught a bug that the test cases failed to find

Resolved #72

Toy.vcxproj

@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="source\toy_builtin.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="source\toy_common.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="source\toy_compiler.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="source\toy_drive_system.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="source\toy_interpreter.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="source\toy_keyword_types.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="source\toy_lexer.c" />
@@ -135,11 +136,13 @@
     <ClCompile Include="source\toy_scope.c" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="source\toy.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="source\toy_ast_node.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="source\toy_builtin.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="source\toy_common.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="source\toy_compiler.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="source\toy_console_colors.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="source\toy_drive_system.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="source\toy_interpreter.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="source\toy_keyword_types.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="source\toy_lexer.h" />

makefile

@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ library: $(TOY_OUTDIR)
 static: $(TOY_OUTDIR)
 	$(MAKE) -j8 -C source static
 
-library-release: $(TOY_OUTDIR)
+library-release: clean $(TOY_OUTDIR)
 	$(MAKE) -j8 -C source library-release
 
-static-release: $(TOY_OUTDIR)
+static-release: clean $(TOY_OUTDIR)
 	$(MAKE) -j8 -C source static-release
 
 #utils

repl/lib_runner.c

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 #include "lib_runner.h"
 
 #include "toy_memory.h"
+#include "toy_drive_system.h"
 #include "toy_interpreter.h"
 
 #include "repl_tools.h"
 
-#include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
 typedef struct Toy_Runner {
 	Toy_Interpreter interpreter;
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ static int nativeLoadScript(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* argu
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	Toy_Literal filePathLiteral = Toy_getFilePathLiteral(interpreter, &drivePathLiteral);
+	Toy_Literal filePathLiteral = Toy_getDrivePathLiteral(interpreter, &drivePathLiteral);
 
 	if (TOY_IS_NULL(filePathLiteral)) {
 		Toy_freeLiteral(filePathLiteral);
@@ -113,70 +112,19 @@ static int nativeLoadScriptBytecode(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArr
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	Toy_RefString* drivePath = Toy_copyRefString(TOY_AS_STRING(drivePathLiteral));
+	Toy_Literal filePathLiteral = Toy_getDrivePathLiteral(interpreter, &drivePathLiteral);
 
-	//get the drive and path as a string (can't trust that pesky strtok - custom split) TODO: move this to refstring library
-	size_t driveLength = 0;
-	while (Toy_toCString(drivePath)[driveLength] != ':') {
-		if (driveLength >= Toy_lengthRefString(drivePath)) {
-			interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect drive path format given to loadScriptBytecode\n");
-			Toy_deleteRefString(drivePath);
-			Toy_freeLiteral(drivePathLiteral);
-			return -1;
-		}
-
-		driveLength++;
-	}
-
-	Toy_RefString* drive = Toy_createRefStringLength(Toy_toCString(drivePath), driveLength);
-	Toy_RefString* path = Toy_createRefStringLength( &Toy_toCString(drivePath)[driveLength + 1], Toy_lengthRefString(drivePath) - driveLength );
-
-	//get the real drive file path
-	Toy_Literal driveLiteral = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(drive); //NOTE: driveLiteral takes ownership of the refString
-	Toy_Literal realDriveLiteral = Toy_getLiteralDictionary(Toy_getDriveDictionary(), driveLiteral);
-
-	if (!TOY_IS_STRING(realDriveLiteral)) {
-		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect literal type found for drive: ");
-		Toy_printLiteralCustom(realDriveLiteral, interpreter->errorOutput);
-		interpreter->errorOutput("\n");
-		Toy_freeLiteral(realDriveLiteral);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(driveLiteral);
-		Toy_deleteRefString(path);
-		Toy_deleteRefString(drivePath);
+	if (TOY_IS_NULL(filePathLiteral)) {
+		Toy_freeLiteral(filePathLiteral);
 		Toy_freeLiteral(drivePathLiteral);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	//get the final real file path (concat) TODO: move this concat to refstring library
-	Toy_RefString* realDrive = Toy_copyRefString(TOY_AS_STRING(realDriveLiteral));
-	size_t realLength = Toy_lengthRefString(realDrive) + Toy_lengthRefString(path);
-
-	char* filePath = TOY_ALLOCATE(char, realLength + 1); //+1 for null
-	snprintf(filePath, realLength, "%s%s", Toy_toCString(realDrive), Toy_toCString(path));
-
-	//clean up the drivepath stuff
-	Toy_deleteRefString(realDrive);
-	Toy_freeLiteral(realDriveLiteral);
-	Toy_freeLiteral(driveLiteral);
-	Toy_deleteRefString(path);
-	Toy_deleteRefString(drivePath);
 	Toy_freeLiteral(drivePathLiteral);
 
-	//check for file extensions
-	if (!(filePath[realLength - 4] == '.' && filePath[realLength - 3] == 't' && filePath[realLength - 2] == 'b')) {
-		interpreter->errorOutput("Bad binary file extension (expected .tb)\n");
-		TOY_FREE_ARRAY(char, filePath, realLength);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	//check for break-out attempts
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < realLength - 1; i++) {
-		if (filePath[i] == '.' && filePath[i + 1] == '.') {
-			interpreter->errorOutput("Parent directory access not allowed\n");
-			TOY_FREE_ARRAY(char, filePath, realLength);
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
+	//use raw types - easier
+	const char* filePath = Toy_toCString(TOY_AS_STRING(filePathLiteral));
+	size_t filePathLength = Toy_lengthRefString(TOY_AS_STRING(filePathLiteral));
 
 	//load the bytecode
 	size_t fileSize = 0;
@@ -203,7 +151,8 @@ static int nativeLoadScriptBytecode(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArr
 	Toy_Literal runnerLiteral = TOY_TO_OPAQUE_LITERAL(runner, TOY_OPAQUE_TAG_RUNNER);
 	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, runnerLiteral);
 
-	TOY_FREE_ARRAY(char, filePath, realLength);
+	//free the drive path
+	Toy_freeLiteral(filePathLiteral);
 
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -602,87 +551,3 @@ int Toy_hookRunner(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_Literal identifier, Toy_Lit
 	return 0;
 }
 
-//file system API
-static Toy_LiteralDictionary Toy_driveDictionary;
-
-void Toy_initDriveDictionary() {
-	Toy_initLiteralDictionary(&Toy_driveDictionary);
-}
-
-void Toy_freeDriveDictionary() {
-	Toy_freeLiteralDictionary(&Toy_driveDictionary);
-}
-
-Toy_LiteralDictionary* Toy_getDriveDictionary() {
-	return &Toy_driveDictionary;
-}
-
-Toy_Literal Toy_getFilePathLiteral(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_Literal* drivePathLiteral) {
-	//check argument types
-	if (!TOY_IS_STRING(*drivePathLiteral)) {
-		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect argument type passed to Toy_getFilePathLiteral\n");
-		return TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
-	}
-
-	Toy_RefString* drivePath = Toy_copyRefString(TOY_AS_STRING(*drivePathLiteral));
-
-	//get the drive and path as a string (can't trust that pesky strtok - custom split) TODO: move this to refstring library
-	size_t driveLength = 0;
-	while (Toy_toCString(drivePath)[driveLength] != ':') {
-		if (driveLength >= Toy_lengthRefString(drivePath)) {
-			interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect drive path format given to Toy_getFilePathLiteral\n");
-
-			return TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
-		}
-
-		driveLength++;
-	}
-
-	Toy_RefString* drive = Toy_createRefStringLength(Toy_toCString(drivePath), driveLength);
-	Toy_RefString* path = Toy_createRefStringLength( &Toy_toCString(drivePath)[driveLength + 1], Toy_lengthRefString(drivePath) - driveLength );
-
-	//get the real drive file path
-	Toy_Literal driveLiteral = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(drive); //NOTE: driveLiteral takes ownership of the refString
-	Toy_Literal realDriveLiteral = Toy_getLiteralDictionary(Toy_getDriveDictionary(), driveLiteral);
-
-	if (!TOY_IS_STRING(realDriveLiteral)) {
-		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect literal type found for drive: ");
-		Toy_printLiteralCustom(realDriveLiteral, interpreter->errorOutput);
-		interpreter->errorOutput("\n");
-		Toy_freeLiteral(realDriveLiteral);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(driveLiteral);
-		Toy_deleteRefString(path);
-		Toy_deleteRefString(drivePath);
-
-		return TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
-	}
-
-	//get the final real file path (concat) TODO: move this concat to refstring library
-	Toy_RefString* realDrive = Toy_copyRefString(TOY_AS_STRING(realDriveLiteral));
-	size_t realLength = Toy_lengthRefString(realDrive) + Toy_lengthRefString(path);
-
-	char* filePath = TOY_ALLOCATE(char, realLength + 1); //+1 for null
-	snprintf(filePath, realLength, "%s%s", Toy_toCString(realDrive), Toy_toCString(path));
-
-	//clean up the drivepath stuff
-	Toy_deleteRefString(realDrive);
-	Toy_freeLiteral(realDriveLiteral);
-	Toy_freeLiteral(driveLiteral);
-	Toy_deleteRefString(path);
-	Toy_deleteRefString(drivePath);
-
-	//check for break-out attempts
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < realLength - 1; i++) {
-		if (filePath[i] == '.' && filePath[i + 1] == '.') {
-			interpreter->errorOutput("Parent directory access not allowed\n");
-			TOY_FREE_ARRAY(char, filePath, realLength + 1);
-			return TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
-		}
-	}
-
-	Toy_Literal result = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(Toy_createRefStringLength(filePath, realLength));
-
-	TOY_FREE_ARRAY(char, filePath, realLength + 1);
-
-	return result;
-}

repl/lib_runner.h

@@ -1,35 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "toy_common.h"
 #include "toy_interpreter.h"
 
 int Toy_hookRunner(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_Literal identifier, Toy_Literal alias);
 
 #define TOY_OPAQUE_TAG_RUNNER 100
 
-//platform/compiler-specific instructions - because MSVC + Box Engine are dumber than a bag of rocks
-#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__GNUC__)
-
-#define LIB_RUNNER_API extern
-
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-
-#ifndef LIB_RUNNER_EXPORT
-#define LIB_RUNNER_API __declspec(dllimport)
-#else
-#define LIB_RUNNER_API __declspec(dllexport)
-#endif
-
-#else
-
-#define LIB_RUNNER_API extern
-
-#endif
-
-//file system API - these need to be set by the host
-LIB_RUNNER_API void Toy_initDriveDictionary();
-LIB_RUNNER_API void Toy_freeDriveDictionary();
-LIB_RUNNER_API Toy_LiteralDictionary* Toy_getDriveDictionary();
-
-//file system API - for use with other libs
-LIB_RUNNER_API Toy_Literal Toy_getFilePathLiteral(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_Literal* drivePathLiteral);

repl/lib_standard.c

@@ -7,6 +7,61 @@
 #include <time.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 
+static int nativeClock(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments) {
+	//no arguments
+	if (arguments->count != 0) {
+		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect number of arguments to clock\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	//get the time from C (what a pain)
+	time_t rawtime = time(NULL);
+	struct tm* timeinfo = localtime( &rawtime );
+	char* timestr = asctime(timeinfo);
+
+	//push to the stack
+	size_t len = strlen(timestr) - 1; //-1 for the newline
+	Toy_Literal timeLiteral = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(Toy_createRefStringLength(timestr, len));
+
+	//push to the stack
+	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, timeLiteral);
+
+	//cleanup
+	Toy_freeLiteral(timeLiteral);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int nativeHash(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments) {
+	if (arguments->count != 1) {
+		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect number of arguments to hash\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	//get the self
+	Toy_Literal selfLiteral = Toy_popLiteralArray(arguments);
+
+	//parse to value if needed
+	Toy_Literal selfLiteralIdn = selfLiteral;
+	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral) && Toy_parseIdentifierToValue(interpreter, &selfLiteral)) {
+		Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteralIdn);
+	}
+
+	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral)) {
+		Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	Toy_Literal result = TOY_TO_INTEGER_LITERAL(Toy_hashLiteral(selfLiteral));
+
+	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, result);
+
+	Toy_freeLiteral(result);
+	Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
 static int nativeAbs(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments) {
 	if (arguments->count != 1) {
 		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect number of arguments to abs\n");
@@ -50,27 +105,262 @@ static int nativeAbs(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int nativeClock(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments) {
-	//no arguments
-	if (arguments->count != 0) {
-		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect number of arguments to clock\n");
+static int nativeCeil(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments) {
+	if (arguments->count != 1) {
+		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect number of arguments to ceil\n");
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	//get the time from C (what a pain)
-	time_t rawtime = time(NULL);
-	struct tm* timeinfo = localtime( &rawtime );
-	char* timestr = asctime(timeinfo);
+	//get the self
+	Toy_Literal selfLiteral = Toy_popLiteralArray(arguments);
 
-	//push to the stack
-	size_t len = strlen(timestr) - 1; //-1 for the newline
-	Toy_Literal timeLiteral = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(Toy_createRefStringLength(timestr, len));
+	//parse to value if needed
+	Toy_Literal selfLiteralIdn = selfLiteral;
+	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral) && Toy_parseIdentifierToValue(interpreter, &selfLiteral)) {
+		Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteralIdn);
+	}
 
-	//push to the stack
-	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, timeLiteral);
+	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral)) {
+		Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+		return -1;
+	}
 
-	//cleanup
-	Toy_freeLiteral(timeLiteral);
+	if (!(TOY_IS_INTEGER(selfLiteral) || TOY_IS_FLOAT(selfLiteral))) {
+		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect argument type passed to ceil\n");
+		Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	Toy_Literal result;
+
+	if (TOY_IS_INTEGER(selfLiteral)) {
+		//NO-OP
+		result = Toy_copyLiteral(selfLiteral);
+	}
+	if (TOY_IS_FLOAT(selfLiteral)) {
+		result = TOY_TO_INTEGER_LITERAL( (int)TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral) - TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral) == 0 ? (int)TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral) : (int)TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral) + 1 );
+	}
+
+	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, result);
+
+	Toy_freeLiteral(result);
+	Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int nativeFloor(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments) {
+	if (arguments->count != 1) {
+		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect number of arguments to floor\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	//get the self
+	Toy_Literal selfLiteral = Toy_popLiteralArray(arguments);
+
+	//parse to value if needed
+	Toy_Literal selfLiteralIdn = selfLiteral;
+	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral) && Toy_parseIdentifierToValue(interpreter, &selfLiteral)) {
+		Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteralIdn);
+	}
+
+	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral)) {
+		Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (!(TOY_IS_INTEGER(selfLiteral) || TOY_IS_FLOAT(selfLiteral))) {
+		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect argument type passed to floor\n");
+		Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	Toy_Literal result;
+
+	if (TOY_IS_INTEGER(selfLiteral)) {
+		//NO-OP
+		result = Toy_copyLiteral(selfLiteral);
+	}
+	if (TOY_IS_FLOAT(selfLiteral)) {
+		result = TOY_TO_INTEGER_LITERAL( (int)TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral) );
+	}
+
+	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, result);
+
+	Toy_freeLiteral(result);
+	Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int nativeMax(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments) {
+	//return value
+	Toy_Literal resultLiteral = TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
+
+	//iterate over all arguments
+	do {
+		//get the self
+		Toy_Literal selfLiteral = Toy_popLiteralArray(arguments);
+
+		//parse to value if needed
+		Toy_Literal selfLiteralIdn = selfLiteral;
+		if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral) && Toy_parseIdentifierToValue(interpreter, &selfLiteral)) {
+			Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteralIdn);
+		}
+
+		if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral)) {
+			Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		if (!(TOY_IS_INTEGER(selfLiteral) || TOY_IS_FLOAT(selfLiteral))) {
+			interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect argument type passed to max\n");
+			Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		//if not comparing yet...
+		if (TOY_IS_NULL(resultLiteral)) {
+			resultLiteral = selfLiteral;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		//cooerce if needed
+		if (TOY_IS_INTEGER(resultLiteral) && TOY_IS_FLOAT(selfLiteral)) {
+			resultLiteral = TOY_TO_FLOAT_LITERAL( TOY_AS_INTEGER(resultLiteral) );
+		}
+
+		if (TOY_IS_FLOAT(resultLiteral) && TOY_IS_INTEGER(selfLiteral)) {
+			selfLiteral = TOY_TO_FLOAT_LITERAL( TOY_AS_INTEGER(selfLiteral) );
+		}
+
+		//compare
+		if (TOY_IS_INTEGER(resultLiteral) && TOY_AS_INTEGER(resultLiteral) < TOY_AS_INTEGER(selfLiteral)) {
+			//NOTE: just ints, don't free
+			resultLiteral = selfLiteral;
+		}
+
+		else if (TOY_IS_FLOAT(resultLiteral) && TOY_AS_FLOAT(resultLiteral) < TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral)) {
+			//NOTE: just floats, don't free
+			resultLiteral = selfLiteral;
+		}
+	}
+	while (arguments->count > 0);
+
+	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, resultLiteral);
+
+	Toy_freeLiteral(resultLiteral);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int nativeMin(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments) {
+	//return value
+	Toy_Literal resultLiteral = TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
+
+	//iterate over all arguments
+	do {
+		//get the self
+		Toy_Literal selfLiteral = Toy_popLiteralArray(arguments);
+
+		//parse to value if needed
+		Toy_Literal selfLiteralIdn = selfLiteral;
+		if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral) && Toy_parseIdentifierToValue(interpreter, &selfLiteral)) {
+			Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteralIdn);
+		}
+
+		if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral)) {
+			Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		if (!(TOY_IS_INTEGER(selfLiteral) || TOY_IS_FLOAT(selfLiteral))) {
+			interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect argument type passed to min\n");
+			Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		//if not comparing yet...
+		if (TOY_IS_NULL(resultLiteral)) {
+			resultLiteral = selfLiteral;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		//cooerce if needed
+		if (TOY_IS_INTEGER(resultLiteral) && TOY_IS_FLOAT(selfLiteral)) {
+			resultLiteral = TOY_TO_FLOAT_LITERAL( TOY_AS_INTEGER(resultLiteral) );
+		}
+
+		if (TOY_IS_FLOAT(resultLiteral) && TOY_IS_INTEGER(selfLiteral)) {
+			selfLiteral = TOY_TO_FLOAT_LITERAL( TOY_AS_INTEGER(selfLiteral) );
+		}
+
+		//compare
+		if (TOY_IS_INTEGER(resultLiteral) && TOY_AS_INTEGER(resultLiteral) > TOY_AS_INTEGER(selfLiteral)) {
+			//NOTE: just ints, don't free
+			resultLiteral = selfLiteral;
+		}
+
+		else if (TOY_IS_FLOAT(resultLiteral) && TOY_AS_FLOAT(resultLiteral) > TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral)) {
+			//NOTE: just floats, don't free
+			resultLiteral = selfLiteral;
+		}
+	}
+	while (arguments->count > 0);
+
+	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, resultLiteral);
+
+	Toy_freeLiteral(resultLiteral);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int nativeRound(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments) {
+	if (arguments->count != 1) {
+		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect number of arguments to round\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	//get the self
+	Toy_Literal selfLiteral = Toy_popLiteralArray(arguments);
+
+	//parse to value if needed
+	Toy_Literal selfLiteralIdn = selfLiteral;
+	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral) && Toy_parseIdentifierToValue(interpreter, &selfLiteral)) {
+		Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteralIdn);
+	}
+
+	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral)) {
+		Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (!(TOY_IS_INTEGER(selfLiteral) || TOY_IS_FLOAT(selfLiteral))) {
+		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect argument type passed to round\n");
+		Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	Toy_Literal result;
+
+	if (TOY_IS_INTEGER(selfLiteral)) {
+		//NO-OP
+		result = Toy_copyLiteral(selfLiteral);
+	}
+	if (TOY_IS_FLOAT(selfLiteral)) {
+		//catch the already-rounded case
+		if (TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral) == (int)TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral)) {
+			result = TOY_TO_INTEGER_LITERAL((int)TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral));
+		}
+		else {
+			result = TOY_TO_INTEGER_LITERAL( TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral) - (int)TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral) < 0.5 ? (int)TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral) : (int)TOY_AS_FLOAT(selfLiteral) + 1 );
+		}
+	}
+
+	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, result);
+
+	Toy_freeLiteral(result);
+	Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
 
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -745,36 +1035,6 @@ static int nativeGetValues(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* argum
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int nativeHash(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments) {
-	if (arguments->count != 1) {
-		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect number of arguments to hash\n");
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	//get the self
-	Toy_Literal selfLiteral = Toy_popLiteralArray(arguments);
-
-	//parse to value if needed
-	Toy_Literal selfLiteralIdn = selfLiteral;
-	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral) && Toy_parseIdentifierToValue(interpreter, &selfLiteral)) {
-		Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteralIdn);
-	}
-
-	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(selfLiteral)) {
-		Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	Toy_Literal result = TOY_TO_INTEGER_LITERAL(Toy_hashLiteral(selfLiteral));
-
-	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, result);
-
-	Toy_freeLiteral(result);
-	Toy_freeLiteral(selfLiteral);
-
-	return 1;
-}
-
 static int nativeIndexOf(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments) {
 	//no arguments
 	if (arguments->count != 2) {
@@ -1740,8 +2000,19 @@ typedef struct Natives {
 int Toy_hookStandard(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_Literal identifier, Toy_Literal alias) {
 	//build the natives list
 	Natives natives[] = {
-		{"abs", nativeAbs},
+		//misc. utils
 		{"clock", nativeClock},
+		{"hash", nativeHash},
+		
+		//math utils
+		{"abs", nativeAbs},
+		{"ceil", nativeCeil},
+		{"floor", nativeFloor},
+		{"max", nativeMax},
+		{"min", nativeMin},
+		{"round", nativeRound},
+
+		//compound utils
 		{"concat", nativeConcat}, //array, dictionary, string
 		{"containsKey", nativeContainsKey}, //dictionary
 		{"containsValue", nativeContainsValue}, //array, dictionary
@@ -1750,7 +2021,6 @@ int Toy_hookStandard(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_Literal identifier, Toy_L
 		{"forEach", nativeForEach}, //array, dictionary
 		{"getKeys", nativeGetKeys}, //dictionary
 		{"getValues", nativeGetValues}, //dictionary
-		{"hash", nativeHash},
 		{"indexOf", nativeIndexOf}, //array
 		{"map", nativeMap}, //array, dictionary
 		{"reduce", nativeReduce}, //array, dictionary

repl/repl_main.c

@@ -6,10 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "toy_console_colors.h"
 
-#include "toy_lexer.h"
-#include "toy_parser.h"
-#include "toy_compiler.h"
-#include "toy_interpreter.h"
+#include "toy.h"
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -106,16 +103,9 @@ void repl(const char* initialInput) {
 int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
 	Toy_initCommandLine(argc, argv);
 
-	//lib setup (hacky - only really for this program)
-	Toy_initDriveDictionary();
-
-	Toy_Literal driveLiteral = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(Toy_createRefString("scripts"));
-	Toy_Literal pathLiteral = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(Toy_createRefString("scripts"));
-
-	Toy_setLiteralDictionary(Toy_getDriveDictionary(), driveLiteral, pathLiteral);
-
-	Toy_freeLiteral(driveLiteral);
-	Toy_freeLiteral(pathLiteral);
+	//setup the drive system (for filesystem access)
+	Toy_initDriveSystem();
+	Toy_setDrivePath("scripts", "scripts");
 
 	//command line specific actions
 	if (Toy_commandLine.error) {
@@ -151,7 +141,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
 		Toy_runSourceFile(Toy_commandLine.sourcefile);
 
 		//lib cleanup
-		Toy_freeDriveDictionary();
+		Toy_freeDriveSystem();
 
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -161,7 +151,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
 		Toy_runSource(Toy_commandLine.source);
 
 		//lib cleanup
-		Toy_freeDriveDictionary();
+		Toy_freeDriveSystem();
 
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -207,7 +197,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
 		Toy_runBinaryFile(Toy_commandLine.binaryfile);
 
 		//lib cleanup
-		Toy_freeDriveDictionary();
+		Toy_freeDriveSystem();
 
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -228,7 +218,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
 	repl(initialSource);
 
 	//lib cleanup
-	Toy_freeDriveDictionary();
+	Toy_freeDriveSystem();
 
 	return 0;
 }

repl/repl_tools.c

@@ -78,10 +78,10 @@ const unsigned char* Toy_compileString(const char* source, size_t* size) {
 	Toy_initParser(&parser, &lexer);
 	Toy_initCompiler(&compiler);
 
-	//run the parser until the end of the source
+	//step 1 - run the parser until the end of the source
 	Toy_ASTNode* node = Toy_scanParser(&parser);
 	while(node != NULL) {
-		//pack up and leave
+		//on error, pack up and leave
 		if (node->type == TOY_AST_NODE_ERROR) {
 			Toy_freeASTNode(node);
 			Toy_freeCompiler(&compiler);
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ const unsigned char* Toy_compileString(const char* source, size_t* size) {
 		node = Toy_scanParser(&parser);
 	}
 
-	//get the bytecode dump
+	//step 2 - get the bytecode dump
 	const unsigned char* tb = Toy_collateCompiler(&compiler, size);
 
 	//cleanup

scripts/example.toy

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+var s = "42";
+var t = "69";
+
+print int (s + t) - 1;

source/toy.h

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/* toy.h - A Toy Programming Language
+
+If you're looking how to use Toy directly, try https://toylang.com/
+Otherwise, these headers may help learn how Toy works internally.
+
+*/
+
+/* utilities - these define a bunch of useful macros based on platform.
+
+The most important one is `TOY_API`, which highlights functions intended for the end user.
+
+*/
+
+#include "toy_common.h"
+#include "toy_console_colors.h"
+#include "toy_memory.h"
+#include "toy_drive_system.h"
+
+/* core pipeline - from source to execution
+
+Each step is as follows:
+
+source   -> lexer       -> token
+token    -> parser      -> AST
+AST      -> compiler    -> bytecode
+bytecode -> interpreter -> result
+
+I should note that the parser -> compiler phase is actually made up of two steps - the write step
+and the collate step. See `Toy_compileString()` in `repl/repl_tools.c` for an example of how to compile
+properly.
+
+*/
+
+#include "toy_lexer.h"
+#include "toy_parser.h"
+#include "toy_compiler.h"
+#include "toy_interpreter.h"
+
+/* building block structures - the basic units of operation
+
+Literals represent any value within the language, including some internal ones that you never see.
+Literal Arrays are literally arrays within memory, and are the most heavily used structure in Toy.
+Literal Dictionaries are unordered key-value hashmaps, that use a running strategy for collisions.
+
+*/
+
+#include "toy_literal.h"
+#include "toy_literal_array.h"
+#include "toy_literal_dictionary.h"
+
+/* other components - you probably won't use these directly, but they're a good learning opportunity.
+
+`Toy_Scope` holds the variables of a specific scope within Toy - be it a script, a function, a block, etc.
+Scopes are also where the type system lives at runtime. They use identifier literals as keys, exclusively.
+
+`Toy_RefString` is a utility class that wraps traditional C strings, making them less memory intensive and
+faster to copy and move. In reality, since strings are considered immutable, multiple variables can point
+to the same string to save memory, and you can just create a new one of these vars pointing to the original
+rather than copying entirely for a speed boost. This module has it's own memory allocator system that is
+plugged into the main memory allocator.
+
+*/
+
+#include "toy_scope.h"
+#include "toy_refstring.h"
+

source/toy_ast_node.c

@@ -40,17 +40,21 @@ static void freeASTNodeCustom(Toy_ASTNode* node, bool freeSelf) {
 		break;
 
 		case TOY_AST_NODE_BLOCK:
-			for (int i = 0; i < node->block.count; i++) {
-				freeASTNodeCustom(node->block.nodes + i, false);
+			if (node->block.capacity > 0) {
+				for (int i = 0; i < node->block.count; i++) {
+					freeASTNodeCustom(node->block.nodes + i, false);
+				}
+				TOY_FREE_ARRAY(Toy_ASTNode, node->block.nodes, node->block.capacity);
 			}
-			TOY_FREE_ARRAY(Toy_ASTNode, node->block.nodes, node->block.capacity);
 		break;
 
 		case TOY_AST_NODE_COMPOUND:
-			for (int i = 0; i < node->compound.count; i++) {
-				freeASTNodeCustom(node->compound.nodes + i, false);
+			if (node->compound.capacity > 0) {
+				for (int i = 0; i < node->compound.count; i++) {
+					freeASTNodeCustom(node->compound.nodes + i, false);
+				}
+				TOY_FREE_ARRAY(Toy_ASTNode, node->compound.nodes, node->compound.capacity);
 			}
-			TOY_FREE_ARRAY(Toy_ASTNode, node->compound.nodes, node->compound.capacity);
 		break;
 
 		case TOY_AST_NODE_PAIR:
@@ -71,10 +75,12 @@ static void freeASTNodeCustom(Toy_ASTNode* node, bool freeSelf) {
 		break;
 
 		case TOY_AST_NODE_FN_COLLECTION:
-			for (int i = 0; i < node->fnCollection.count; i++) {
-				freeASTNodeCustom(node->fnCollection.nodes + i, false);
+			if (node->fnCollection.capacity > 0) {
+				for (int i = 0; i < node->fnCollection.count; i++) {
+					freeASTNodeCustom(node->fnCollection.nodes + i, false);
+				}
+				TOY_FREE_ARRAY(Toy_ASTNode, node->fnCollection.nodes, node->fnCollection.capacity);
 			}
-			TOY_FREE_ARRAY(Toy_ASTNode, node->fnCollection.nodes, node->fnCollection.capacity);
 		break;
 
 		case TOY_AST_NODE_FN_DECL:

source/toy_builtin.c

@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ int Toy_private_index(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments)
 
 			//simple indexing assignment if second is null
 			if (TOY_IS_NULL(second)) {
-				bool ret = -1;
+				int ret = -1;
 
 				if (!Toy_setLiteralArray(TOY_AS_ARRAY(compound), first, assign)) {
 					interpreter->errorOutput("Array index out of bounds in assignment");
@@ -629,6 +629,7 @@ int Toy_private_index(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments)
 				}
 				else {
 					Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, compound); //leave the array on the stack
+					//...
 					ret = 1;
 				}
 
@@ -1385,7 +1386,7 @@ int Toy_private_push(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_LiteralArray* arguments)
 				Toy_Literal subtypeLiteral = ((Toy_Literal*)(TOY_AS_TYPE(typeLiteral).subtypes))[0];
 
 				if (TOY_AS_TYPE(subtypeLiteral).typeOf != TOY_LITERAL_ANY && TOY_AS_TYPE(subtypeLiteral).typeOf != val.type) {
-					interpreter->errorOutput("Bad argument type in push");
+					interpreter->errorOutput("Bad argument type in push\n");
 					Toy_freeLiteral(typeLiteral);
 					return -1;
 				}

source/toy_common.c

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 
-//test variable sizes based on platform
+//test variable sizes based on platform - see issue #35
 #define STATIC_ASSERT(test_for_true) static_assert((test_for_true), "(" #test_for_true ") failed")
 
 STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(char) == 1);
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(unsigned char) == 1);
 STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(unsigned short) == 2);
 STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(unsigned int) == 4);
 
+#ifndef TOY_EXPORT
+
 //declare the singleton with default values
 Toy_CommandLine Toy_commandLine = {
 	.error = false,
@@ -134,3 +136,5 @@ void Toy_copyrightCommandLine(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
 	printf("2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software.\n\n");
 	printf("3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.\n\n");
 }
+
+#endif

source/toy_common.h

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 #define TOY_VERSION_MAJOR 1
 #define TOY_VERSION_MINOR 1
-#define TOY_VERSION_PATCH 0
+#define TOY_VERSION_PATCH 2
 #define TOY_VERSION_BUILD __DATE__ " " __TIME__
 
 //platform/compiler-specific instructions
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@
 
 #endif
 
-//for processing the command line arguments
+#ifndef TOY_EXPORT
+
+//for processing the command line arguments in the repl
 typedef struct {
 	bool error;
 	bool help;
@@ -51,3 +53,5 @@ TOY_API void Toy_initCommandLine(int argc, const char* argv[]);
 TOY_API void Toy_usageCommandLine(int argc, const char* argv[]);
 TOY_API void Toy_helpCommandLine(int argc, const char* argv[]);
 TOY_API void Toy_copyrightCommandLine(int argc, const char* argv[]);
+
+#endif

source/toy_compiler.c

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ static int writeNodeCompoundToCache(Toy_Compiler* compiler, Toy_ASTNode* node) {
 		}
 
 		//push the store to the cache, with instructions about how pack it
-		Toy_Literal literal = TOY_TO_DICTIONARY_LITERAL(store);
+		Toy_Literal literal = TOY_TO_DICTIONARY_LITERAL((Toy_LiteralDictionary*)store); //cast from array to dict, because it's intermediate
 		literal.type = TOY_LITERAL_DICTIONARY_INTERMEDIATE; //god damn it - nested in a dictionary
 		index = Toy_pushLiteralArray(&compiler->literalCache, literal);
 		Toy_freeLiteral(literal);
@@ -331,9 +331,37 @@ static Toy_Opcode Toy_writeCompilerWithJumps(Toy_Compiler* compiler, Toy_ASTNode
 				return node->binary.opcode;
 			}
 
-			if (ret != TOY_OP_EOF && (node->binary.opcode == TOY_OP_VAR_ASSIGN || node->binary.opcode == TOY_OP_AND || node->binary.opcode == TOY_OP_OR || (node->binary.opcode >= TOY_OP_COMPARE_EQUAL && node->binary.opcode <= TOY_OP_INVERT))) {
-				compiler->bytecode[compiler->count++] = (unsigned char)ret; //1 byte
-				ret = TOY_OP_EOF; //untangle in this case
+			//untangle in these cases - (WTF, are you serious?)
+			if (ret != TOY_OP_EOF) {
+				switch(node->binary.opcode) {
+					case TOY_OP_NEGATE:
+					case TOY_OP_ADDITION:
+					case TOY_OP_SUBTRACTION:
+					case TOY_OP_MULTIPLICATION:
+					case TOY_OP_DIVISION:
+					case TOY_OP_MODULO:
+					case TOY_OP_VAR_ASSIGN:
+					case TOY_OP_VAR_ADDITION_ASSIGN:
+					case TOY_OP_VAR_SUBTRACTION_ASSIGN:
+					case TOY_OP_VAR_MULTIPLICATION_ASSIGN:
+					case TOY_OP_VAR_DIVISION_ASSIGN:
+					case TOY_OP_VAR_MODULO_ASSIGN:
+					case TOY_OP_COMPARE_EQUAL:
+					case TOY_OP_COMPARE_NOT_EQUAL:
+					case TOY_OP_COMPARE_LESS:
+					case TOY_OP_COMPARE_LESS_EQUAL:
+					case TOY_OP_COMPARE_GREATER:
+					case TOY_OP_COMPARE_GREATER_EQUAL:
+					case TOY_OP_INVERT:
+					case TOY_OP_AND:
+					case TOY_OP_OR:
+						//place the rhs result before the outer instruction
+						compiler->bytecode[compiler->count++] = (unsigned char)ret; //1 byte
+						ret = TOY_OP_EOF;
+
+					default:
+						break;
+				}
 			}
 
 			compiler->bytecode[compiler->count++] = (unsigned char)node->binary.opcode; //1 byte

source/toy_drive_system.c

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#include "toy_drive_system.h"
+
+#include "toy_memory.h"
+#include "toy_literal_dictionary.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+//file system API
+static Toy_LiteralDictionary driveDictionary;
+
+void Toy_initDriveSystem() {
+	Toy_initLiteralDictionary(&driveDictionary);
+}
+
+void Toy_freeDriveSystem() {
+	Toy_freeLiteralDictionary(&driveDictionary);
+}
+
+TOY_API void Toy_setDrivePath(char* drive, char* path) {
+	Toy_Literal driveLiteral = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(Toy_createRefString(drive));
+	Toy_Literal pathLiteral = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(Toy_createRefString(path));
+
+	Toy_setLiteralDictionary(&driveDictionary, driveLiteral, pathLiteral);
+
+	Toy_freeLiteral(driveLiteral);
+	Toy_freeLiteral(pathLiteral);
+}
+
+Toy_Literal Toy_getDrivePathLiteral(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_Literal* drivePathLiteral) {
+	//check argument types
+	if (!TOY_IS_STRING(*drivePathLiteral)) {
+		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect argument type passed to Toy_getDrivePathLiteral\n");
+		return TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
+	}
+
+	Toy_RefString* drivePath = Toy_copyRefString(TOY_AS_STRING(*drivePathLiteral));
+
+	//get the drive and path as a string (can't trust that pesky strtok - custom split) TODO: move this to refstring library
+	size_t driveLength = 0;
+	while (Toy_toCString(drivePath)[driveLength] != ':') {
+		if (driveLength >= Toy_lengthRefString(drivePath)) {
+			interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect drive path format given to Toy_getDrivePathLiteral\n");
+
+			return TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
+		}
+
+		driveLength++;
+	}
+
+	Toy_RefString* drive = Toy_createRefStringLength(Toy_toCString(drivePath), driveLength);
+	Toy_RefString* filePath = Toy_createRefStringLength( &Toy_toCString(drivePath)[driveLength + 1], Toy_lengthRefString(drivePath) - driveLength );
+
+	//get the real drive file path
+	Toy_Literal driveLiteral = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(drive); //NOTE: driveLiteral takes ownership of the refString
+	Toy_Literal pathLiteral = Toy_getLiteralDictionary(&driveDictionary, driveLiteral);
+
+	if (!TOY_IS_STRING(pathLiteral)) {
+		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect literal type found for drive: ");
+		Toy_printLiteralCustom(pathLiteral, interpreter->errorOutput);
+		interpreter->errorOutput("\n");
+		Toy_freeLiteral(driveLiteral);
+		Toy_freeLiteral(pathLiteral);
+		Toy_deleteRefString(filePath);
+		Toy_deleteRefString(drivePath);
+
+		return TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
+	}
+
+	//get the final real file path (concat) TODO: move this concat to refstring library
+	Toy_RefString* path = Toy_copyRefString(TOY_AS_STRING(pathLiteral));
+	size_t fileLength = Toy_lengthRefString(path) + Toy_lengthRefString(filePath);
+
+	char* file = TOY_ALLOCATE(char, fileLength + 1); //+1 for null
+	snprintf(file, fileLength, "%s%s", Toy_toCString(path), Toy_toCString(filePath));
+
+	//clean up the drive/path stuff
+    Toy_deleteRefString(drivePath);
+    Toy_deleteRefString(filePath);
+    Toy_deleteRefString(path);
+    Toy_freeLiteral(driveLiteral);
+	Toy_freeLiteral(pathLiteral);
+
+	//check for break-out attempts
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < fileLength - 1; i++) {
+		if (file[i] == '.' && file[i + 1] == '.') {
+			interpreter->errorOutput("Parent directory access not allowed\n");
+			TOY_FREE_ARRAY(char, file, fileLength + 1);
+			return TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	Toy_Literal result = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(Toy_createRefStringLength(file, fileLength));
+
+	TOY_FREE_ARRAY(char, file, fileLength + 1);
+
+	return result;
+}

source/toy_drive_system.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "toy_common.h"
+
+#include "toy_literal.h"
+#include "toy_interpreter.h"
+
+//file system API - these need to be set by the host
+TOY_API void Toy_initDriveSystem();
+TOY_API void Toy_freeDriveSystem();
+
+//file system API - for use with libs
+TOY_API void Toy_setDrivePath(char* drive, char* path);
+TOY_API Toy_Literal Toy_getDrivePathLiteral(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, Toy_Literal* drivePathLiteral);

source/toy_interpreter.c

@@ -12,12 +12,17 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 static void printWrapper(const char* output) {
+	//allow for disabling of newlines in the repl
+#ifndef TOY_EXPORT
 	if (Toy_commandLine.enablePrintNewline) {
 		printf("%s\n", output);
 	}
 	else {
 		printf("%s", output);
 	}
+#else
+	printf("%s\n", output);
+#endif
 }
 
 static void assertWrapper(const char* output) {
@@ -1082,11 +1087,12 @@ static bool execAnd(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if (TOY_IS_TRUTHY(lhs) && TOY_IS_TRUTHY(rhs)) {
-		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, TOY_TO_BOOLEAN_LITERAL(true));
+	//short-circuit support
+	if (!TOY_IS_TRUTHY(lhs)) {
+		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, lhs);
 	}
 	else {
-		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, TOY_TO_BOOLEAN_LITERAL(false));
+		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, rhs);
 	}
 
 	Toy_freeLiteral(lhs);
@@ -1115,11 +1121,12 @@ static bool execOr(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if (TOY_IS_TRUTHY(lhs) || TOY_IS_TRUTHY(rhs)) {
-		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, TOY_TO_BOOLEAN_LITERAL(true));
+	//short-circuit support
+	if (TOY_IS_TRUTHY(lhs)) {
+		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, lhs);
 	}
 	else {
-		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, TOY_TO_BOOLEAN_LITERAL(false));
+		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, rhs);
 	}
 
 	Toy_freeLiteral(lhs);
@@ -1651,7 +1658,7 @@ static bool execIndex(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, bool assignIntermediate) {
 	}
 
 	if (!TOY_IS_ARRAY(compound) && !TOY_IS_DICTIONARY(compound) && !TOY_IS_STRING(compound)) {
-		interpreter->errorOutput("Unknown compound found in indexing notation: ");
+		interpreter->errorOutput("Unknown compound found in index notation: ");
 		Toy_printLiteralCustom(compound, interpreter->errorOutput);
 		interpreter->errorOutput("\n");
 
@@ -1689,7 +1696,7 @@ static bool execIndex(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, bool assignIntermediate) {
 		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack, third);
 	}
 
-	//call the _index function
+	//call the index function
 	if (Toy_private_index(interpreter, &arguments) < 0) {
 		interpreter->errorOutput("Something went wrong while indexing (simple index): ");
 		Toy_printLiteralCustom(compoundIdn, interpreter->errorOutput);
@@ -1720,85 +1727,101 @@ static bool execIndex(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, bool assignIntermediate) {
 	return true;
 }
 
-static bool execIndexAssign(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter) {
+static bool execIndexAssign(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, int assignDepth) {
 	//assume -> compound, first, second, third, assign are all on the stack
 
-	Toy_Literal assign = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
-	Toy_Literal third = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
-	Toy_Literal second = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
-	Toy_Literal first = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
-	Toy_Literal compound = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
-
-	Toy_Literal assignIdn = assign;
-	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(assign) && Toy_parseIdentifierToValue(interpreter, &assign)) {
-		Toy_freeLiteral(assignIdn);
-	}
-
-	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(assign)) {
-		Toy_freeLiteral(compound);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(first);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(second);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(third);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(assign);
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	Toy_Literal compoundIdn = compound;
+	Toy_Literal assign = TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL, third = TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL, second = TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL, first = TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL, compound = TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL, result = TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
+	Toy_Literal compoundIdn = TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
 	bool freeIdn = false;
-	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(compound) && Toy_parseIdentifierToValue(interpreter, &compound)) {
-		freeIdn = true;
-	}
-
-	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(compound)) {
-		Toy_freeLiteral(compound);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(first);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(second);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(third);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(assign);
-		if (freeIdn) {
-			Toy_freeLiteral(compoundIdn);
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (!TOY_IS_ARRAY(compound) && !TOY_IS_DICTIONARY(compound) && !TOY_IS_STRING(compound)) {
-		interpreter->errorOutput("Unknown compound found in index assigning notation\n");
-		Toy_freeLiteral(assign);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(third);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(second);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(first);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(compound);
-		if (freeIdn) {
-			Toy_freeLiteral(compoundIdn);
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
 
 	//build the opcode
 	unsigned char opcode = readByte(interpreter->bytecode, &interpreter->count);
 	char* opStr = "";
-	switch(opcode) {
-		case TOY_OP_VAR_ASSIGN:
-			opStr = "=";
+	switch (opcode) {
+	case TOY_OP_VAR_ASSIGN:
+		opStr = "=";
 		break;
-		case TOY_OP_VAR_ADDITION_ASSIGN:
-			opStr = "+=";
+	case TOY_OP_VAR_ADDITION_ASSIGN:
+		opStr = "+=";
 		break;
-		case TOY_OP_VAR_SUBTRACTION_ASSIGN:
-			opStr = "-=";
+	case TOY_OP_VAR_SUBTRACTION_ASSIGN:
+		opStr = "-=";
 		break;
-		case TOY_OP_VAR_MULTIPLICATION_ASSIGN:
-			opStr = "*=";
+	case TOY_OP_VAR_MULTIPLICATION_ASSIGN:
+		opStr = "*=";
 		break;
-		case TOY_OP_VAR_DIVISION_ASSIGN:
-			opStr = "/=";
+	case TOY_OP_VAR_DIVISION_ASSIGN:
+		opStr = "/=";
 		break;
-		case TOY_OP_VAR_MODULO_ASSIGN:
-			opStr = "%=";
+	case TOY_OP_VAR_MODULO_ASSIGN:
+		opStr = "%=";
 		break;
 
-		default:
-			interpreter->errorOutput("bad opcode in index assigning notation\n");
+	default:
+		interpreter->errorOutput("bad opcode in index assigning notation\n");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	//iterate...
+	while(assignDepth-- >= 0) {
+		Toy_freeLiteral(assign);
+		Toy_freeLiteral(third);
+		Toy_freeLiteral(second);
+		Toy_freeLiteral(first);
+		Toy_freeLiteral(compound);
+
+		if (TOY_IS_NULL(result)) {
+			assign = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
+		}
+		else {
+			assign = result;
+		}
+
+		third = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
+		second = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
+		first = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
+		compound = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
+
+		if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(compound)) {
+			if (freeIdn) {
+				Toy_freeLiteral(compoundIdn);
+			}
+
+			compoundIdn = compound;
+			Toy_parseIdentifierToValue(interpreter, &compound);
+			freeIdn = true;
+		}
+
+		if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(compound)) {
+			Toy_freeLiteral(compound);
+			Toy_freeLiteral(first);
+			Toy_freeLiteral(second);
+			Toy_freeLiteral(third);
+			Toy_freeLiteral(assign);
+			if (freeIdn) {
+				Toy_freeLiteral(compoundIdn);
+			}
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		Toy_Literal assignIdn = assign;
+		if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(assign) && Toy_parseIdentifierToValue(interpreter, &assign)) {
+			Toy_freeLiteral(assignIdn);
+		}
+
+		if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(assign)) {
+			Toy_freeLiteral(compound);
+			Toy_freeLiteral(first);
+			Toy_freeLiteral(second);
+			Toy_freeLiteral(third);
+			Toy_freeLiteral(assign);
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (!TOY_IS_ARRAY(compound) && !TOY_IS_DICTIONARY(compound) && !TOY_IS_STRING(compound)) {
+			interpreter->errorOutput("Unknown compound found in index assigning notation: ");
+			Toy_printLiteralCustom(compound, interpreter->errorOutput);
+			interpreter->errorOutput("\n");
 			Toy_freeLiteral(assign);
 			Toy_freeLiteral(third);
 			Toy_freeLiteral(second);
@@ -1808,103 +1831,60 @@ static bool execIndexAssign(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter) {
 				Toy_freeLiteral(compoundIdn);
 			}
 			return false;
-	}
-
-	int opLength = strlen(opStr);
-	Toy_Literal op = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(Toy_createRefStringLength(opStr, opLength)); //TODO: static reference optimisation?
-
-	//build the argument list
-	Toy_LiteralArray arguments;
-	Toy_initLiteralArray(&arguments);
-
-	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, compound);
-	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, first);
-	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, second);
-	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, third);
-	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, assign); //it expects an assignment command
-	Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, op); //it expects an assignment "opcode"
-
-	//call the _index function
-	if (Toy_private_index(interpreter, &arguments) < 0) {
-		//clean up
-		Toy_freeLiteral(assign);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(third);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(second);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(first);
-		Toy_freeLiteral(compound);
-		if (freeIdn) {
-			Toy_freeLiteral(compoundIdn);
 		}
-		Toy_freeLiteral(op);
-		Toy_freeLiteralArray(&arguments);
 
-		return false;
-	}
+		int opLength = strlen(opStr);
+		Toy_Literal op = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(Toy_createRefStringLength(opStr, opLength)); //TODO: static reference optimisation?
 
-	//save the result (assume top of the interpreter stack is the new compound value)
-	Toy_Literal result = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
+		//build the argument list
+		Toy_LiteralArray arguments;
+		Toy_initLiteralArray(&arguments);
 
-	//deep
-	if (!freeIdn) {
-		while (interpreter->stack.count > 1) {
-			//read the new values
-			Toy_freeLiteral(compound);
+		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, compound);
+		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, first);
+		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, second);
+		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, third);
+		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, assign); //it expects an assignment command
+		Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, op); //it expects an assignment "opcode"
+
+		//call the index function
+		if (Toy_private_index(interpreter, &arguments) < 0) {
+			//clean up
+			Toy_freeLiteral(assign);
 			Toy_freeLiteral(third);
 			Toy_freeLiteral(second);
 			Toy_freeLiteral(first);
-			Toy_freeLiteralArray(&arguments);
-			Toy_initLiteralArray(&arguments);
-			Toy_freeLiteral(op);
-
-			//reuse these like an idiot
-			third = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
-			second = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
-			first = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
-			compound = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
-
-			char* opStr = "="; //shadow, but force assignment
-			int opLength = strlen(opStr);
-			op = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(Toy_createRefStringLength(opStr, opLength)); //TODO: static reference optimisation?
-
-			//assign to the idn / compound - with _index
-			Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, compound); //
-			Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, first);
-			Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, second);
-			Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, third);
-			Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, result);
-			Toy_pushLiteralArray(&arguments, op);
-
-			if (Toy_private_index(interpreter, &arguments) < 0) {
-				interpreter->errorOutput("Something went wrong while indexing (index assign): ");
-				Toy_printLiteralCustom(compound, interpreter->errorOutput);
-				interpreter->errorOutput("\n");
-
-				//clean up
-				Toy_freeLiteral(assign);
-				Toy_freeLiteral(third);
-				Toy_freeLiteral(second);
-				Toy_freeLiteral(first);
-				if (freeIdn) {
-					Toy_freeLiteral(compoundIdn);
-				}
-				Toy_freeLiteral(op);
-				Toy_freeLiteralArray(&arguments);
-				return false;
+			Toy_freeLiteral(compound);
+			if (freeIdn) {
+				Toy_freeLiteral(compoundIdn);
 			}
+			Toy_freeLiteral(op);
+			Toy_freeLiteralArray(&arguments);
 
-			Toy_freeLiteral(result);
-			result = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
+			return false;
 		}
 
-		Toy_freeLiteral(compound);
-		compound = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
-		compoundIdn = compound;
-		freeIdn = false;
+		//save the result (assume top of the interpreter stack is the new compound value)
+		result = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
+
+		Toy_freeLiteral(op);
+		Toy_freeLiteralArray(&arguments);
+
+		//if we loop, then we need to be assigning
+		opStr = "=";
+	}
+
+	//BUGFIX: make sure the compound name can be assigned
+	if (TOY_IS_NULL(compoundIdn)) {
+		compoundIdn = Toy_popLiteralArray(&interpreter->stack);
+		freeIdn = true;
 	}
 
 	if (TOY_IS_IDENTIFIER(compoundIdn) && !Toy_setScopeVariable(interpreter->scope, compoundIdn, result, true)) {
 		interpreter->errorOutput("Incorrect type assigned to compound member ");
 		Toy_printLiteralCustom(compoundIdn, interpreter->errorOutput);
+		interpreter->errorOutput(", value: ");
+		Toy_printLiteralCustom(result, interpreter->errorOutput);
 		interpreter->errorOutput("\n");
 
 		//clean up
@@ -1916,8 +1896,6 @@ static bool execIndexAssign(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter) {
 		if (freeIdn) {
 			Toy_freeLiteral(compoundIdn);
 		}
-		Toy_freeLiteral(op);
-		Toy_freeLiteralArray(&arguments);
 		Toy_freeLiteral(result);
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -1931,8 +1909,6 @@ static bool execIndexAssign(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter) {
 	if (freeIdn) {
 		Toy_freeLiteral(compoundIdn);
 	}
-	Toy_freeLiteral(op);
-	Toy_freeLiteralArray(&arguments);
 	Toy_freeLiteral(result);
 
 	return true;
@@ -1945,6 +1921,9 @@ static void execInterpreter(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter) {
 		interpreter->codeStart = interpreter->count;
 	}
 
+	//BUGFIX
+	int intermediateAssignDepth = 0;
+
 	unsigned char opcode = readByte(interpreter->bytecode, &interpreter->count);
 
 	while(opcode != TOY_OP_EOF && opcode != TOY_OP_SECTION_END && !interpreter->panic) {
@@ -2159,12 +2138,14 @@ static void execInterpreter(Toy_Interpreter* interpreter) {
 				if (!execIndex(interpreter, true)) {
 					return;
 				}
+				intermediateAssignDepth++;
 			break;
 
 			case TOY_OP_INDEX_ASSIGN:
-				if (!execIndexAssign(interpreter)) {
+				if (!execIndexAssign(interpreter, intermediateAssignDepth)) {
 					return;
 				}
+				intermediateAssignDepth = 0;
 			break;
 
 			case TOY_OP_POP_STACK:

source/toy_literal.c

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void Toy_freeLiteral(Toy_Literal literal) {
 		TOY_FREE_ARRAY(unsigned char, TOY_AS_FUNCTION(literal).inner.bytecode, TOY_AS_FUNCTION_BYTECODE_LENGTH(literal));
 	}
 
-	if (TOY_IS_TYPE(literal)) {
+	if (TOY_IS_TYPE(literal) && TOY_AS_TYPE(literal).capacity > 0) {
 		for (int i = 0; i < TOY_AS_TYPE(literal).count; i++) {
 			Toy_freeLiteral(((Toy_Literal*)(TOY_AS_TYPE(literal).subtypes))[i]);
 		}

source/toy_literal.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 struct Toy_Literal;
 struct Toy_Interpreter;
 struct Toy_LiteralArray;
+struct Toy_LiteralDictionary;
 struct Toy_Scope;
 typedef int (*Toy_NativeFn)(struct Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, struct Toy_LiteralArray* arguments);
 typedef int (*Toy_HookFn)(struct Toy_Interpreter* interpreter, struct Toy_Literal identifier, struct Toy_Literal alias);
@@ -49,8 +50,8 @@ typedef struct Toy_Literal {
 			//string hash?
 		} string; //8
 
-		void* array; //8
-		void* dictionary; //8
+		struct Toy_LiteralArray* array; //8
+		struct Toy_LiteralDictionary* dictionary; //8
 
 		struct {
 			union {
@@ -67,7 +68,8 @@ typedef struct Toy_Literal {
         } identifier; //16
 
 		struct {
-			void* subtypes; //8
+			
+			struct Toy_Literal* subtypes; //8
 			Toy_LiteralType typeOf;  //4
 			unsigned char capacity; //1
 			unsigned char count; //1

source/toy_literal_array.c

@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ void Toy_freeLiteralArray(Toy_LiteralArray* array) {
 		Toy_freeLiteral(array->literals[i]);
 	}
 
-	TOY_FREE_ARRAY(Toy_Literal, array->literals, array->capacity);
-	Toy_initLiteralArray(array);
+	if (array->capacity > 0) {
+		TOY_FREE_ARRAY(Toy_Literal, array->literals, array->capacity);
+		Toy_initLiteralArray(array);
+	}
 }
 
 int Toy_pushLiteralArray(Toy_LiteralArray* array, Toy_Literal literal) {

source/toy_literal_dictionary.c

@@ -22,11 +22,13 @@ static Toy_private_dictionary_entry* getEntryArray(Toy_private_dictionary_entry*
 	}
 
 	//find "key", starting at index
-	unsigned int index = hash % capacity;
-	unsigned int start = index;
+	int index = hash % capacity;
+	int start = index;
 
 	//increment once, so it can't equal start
-	index = (index + 1) % capacity;
+	if (++index >= capacity) {
+		index = 0;
+	}
 
 	//literal probing and collision checking
 	while (index != start) { //WARNING: this is the only function allowed to retrieve an entry from the array
@@ -44,7 +46,10 @@ static Toy_private_dictionary_entry* getEntryArray(Toy_private_dictionary_entry*
 			}
 		}
 
-		index = (index + 1) % capacity;
+		if (++index >= capacity) {
+			index = 0;
+		}
+		//index = (index + 1) % capacity;
 	}
 
 	return NULL;
@@ -73,7 +78,9 @@ static void adjustEntryCapacity(Toy_private_dictionary_entry** dictionaryHandle,
 	}
 
 	//clear the old array
-	TOY_FREE_ARRAY(Toy_private_dictionary_entry, *dictionaryHandle, oldCapacity);
+	if (oldCapacity > 0) {
+		TOY_FREE_ARRAY(Toy_private_dictionary_entry, *dictionaryHandle, oldCapacity);
+	}
 
 	*dictionaryHandle = newEntries;
 }
@@ -133,9 +140,11 @@ void Toy_initLiteralDictionary(Toy_LiteralDictionary* dictionary) {
 }
 
 void Toy_freeLiteralDictionary(Toy_LiteralDictionary* dictionary) {
-	freeEntryArray(dictionary->entries, dictionary->capacity);
-	dictionary->capacity = 0;
-	dictionary->contains = 0;
+	if (dictionary->capacity > 0) {
+		freeEntryArray(dictionary->entries, dictionary->capacity);
+		dictionary->capacity = 0;
+		dictionary->contains = 0;
+	}
 }
 
 void Toy_setLiteralDictionary(Toy_LiteralDictionary* dictionary, Toy_Literal key, Toy_Literal value) {

source/toy_memory.c

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 
 //default allocator
 void* Toy_private_defaultMemoryAllocator(void* pointer, size_t oldSize, size_t newSize) {
-	if (newSize == 0 && oldSize == 0) {
-		//causes issues, so just skip out with a NO-OP
-		return NULL;
-	}
+	//causes issues, so just skip out with a NO-OP (DISABLED for performance reasons)
+	// if (newSize == 0 && oldSize == 0) {
+	// 	return NULL;
+	// }
 
 	if (newSize == 0) {
 		free(pointer);

source/toy_parser.c

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ static Toy_Opcode asType(Toy_Parser* parser, Toy_ASTNode** nodeHandle) {
 
 static Toy_Opcode typeOf(Toy_Parser* parser, Toy_ASTNode** nodeHandle) {
 	Toy_ASTNode* rhs = NULL;
-	parsePrecedence(parser, &rhs, PREC_TERNARY);
+	parsePrecedence(parser, &rhs, PREC_CALL);
 	Toy_emitASTNodeUnary(nodeHandle, TOY_OP_TYPE_OF, rhs);
 	return TOY_OP_EOF;
 }
@@ -341,99 +341,99 @@ static Toy_Opcode binary(Toy_Parser* parser, Toy_ASTNode** nodeHandle) {
 	switch(parser->previous.type) {
 		//arithmetic
 		case TOY_TOKEN_PLUS: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_TERM);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_TERM + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_ADDITION;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_MINUS: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_TERM);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_TERM + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_SUBTRACTION;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_MULTIPLY: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_FACTOR);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_FACTOR + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_MULTIPLICATION;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_DIVIDE: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_FACTOR);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_FACTOR + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_DIVISION;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_MODULO: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_FACTOR);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_FACTOR + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_MODULO;
 		}
 
 		//assignment
 		case TOY_TOKEN_ASSIGN: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_ASSIGNMENT + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_VAR_ASSIGN;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_PLUS_ASSIGN: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_ASSIGNMENT + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_VAR_ADDITION_ASSIGN;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_MINUS_ASSIGN: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_ASSIGNMENT + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_VAR_SUBTRACTION_ASSIGN;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_MULTIPLY_ASSIGN: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_ASSIGNMENT + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_VAR_MULTIPLICATION_ASSIGN;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_DIVIDE_ASSIGN: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_ASSIGNMENT + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_VAR_DIVISION_ASSIGN;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_MODULO_ASSIGN: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_ASSIGNMENT);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_ASSIGNMENT + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_VAR_MODULO_ASSIGN;
 		}
 
 		//comparison
 		case TOY_TOKEN_EQUAL: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_COMPARISON);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_COMPARISON + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_COMPARE_EQUAL;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_NOT_EQUAL: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_COMPARISON);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_COMPARISON + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_COMPARE_NOT_EQUAL;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_LESS: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_COMPARISON);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_COMPARISON + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_COMPARE_LESS;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_LESS_EQUAL: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_COMPARISON);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_COMPARISON + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_COMPARE_LESS_EQUAL;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_GREATER: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_COMPARISON);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_COMPARISON + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_COMPARE_GREATER;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_GREATER_EQUAL: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_COMPARISON);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_COMPARISON + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_COMPARE_GREATER_EQUAL;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_AND: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_AND);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_AND + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_AND;
 		}
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_OR: {
-			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_OR);
+			parsePrecedence(parser, nodeHandle, PREC_OR + 1);
 			return TOY_OP_OR;
 		}
 
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ static Toy_Opcode castingInfix(Toy_Parser* parser, Toy_ASTNode** nodeHandle) {
 		break;
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_LITERAL_STRING:
-			atomic(parser, nodeHandle);
+			string(parser, nodeHandle);
 		break;
 
 		default:
@@ -739,6 +739,27 @@ static Toy_Opcode decrementInfix(Toy_Parser* parser, Toy_ASTNode** nodeHandle) {
 }
 
 static Toy_Opcode fnCall(Toy_Parser* parser, Toy_ASTNode** nodeHandle) {
+	//wait - is the previous token a type? this should be casting instead
+	if (parser->previous.type >= TOY_TOKEN_NULL && parser->previous.type <= TOY_TOKEN_ANY) {
+		//casting type
+		Toy_ASTNode* lhsNode = NULL;
+		castingPrefix(parser, &lhsNode);
+		advance(parser);
+
+		//casting value
+		Toy_ASTNode* rhsNode = NULL;
+		grouping(parser, &rhsNode);
+
+		//emit the cast node
+
+		Toy_emitASTNodeBinary(&lhsNode, rhsNode, TOY_OP_TYPE_CAST);
+
+		//pass it off to the caller
+		*nodeHandle = lhsNode;
+
+		return TOY_OP_GROUPING_BEGIN; //dummy value
+	}
+
 	advance(parser); //skip the left paren
 
 	//binary() is an infix rule - so only get the RHS of the operator

source/toy_scope.c

@@ -4,21 +4,19 @@
 
 //run up the ancestor chain, freeing anything with 0 references left
 static void freeAncestorChain(Toy_Scope* scope) {
-	scope->references--;
+	while (scope != NULL) {
+		Toy_Scope* next = scope->ancestor;
 
-	//free scope chain
-	if (scope->ancestor != NULL) {
-		freeAncestorChain(scope->ancestor);
+		scope->references--;
+
+		if (scope->references <= 0) {
+			Toy_freeLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables);
+			Toy_freeLiteralDictionary(&scope->types);
+			TOY_FREE(Toy_Scope, scope);
+		}
+
+		scope = next;
 	}
-
-	if (scope->references > 0) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	Toy_freeLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables);
-	Toy_freeLiteralDictionary(&scope->types);
-
-	TOY_FREE(Toy_Scope, scope);
 }
 
 //return false if invalid type
@@ -259,74 +257,70 @@ bool Toy_declareScopeVariable(Toy_Scope* scope, Toy_Literal key, Toy_Literal typ
 }
 
 bool Toy_isDelcaredScopeVariable(Toy_Scope* scope, Toy_Literal key) {
-	if (scope == NULL) {
-		return false;
+	while (scope != NULL) {
+		if (Toy_existsLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables, key)) {
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		scope = scope->ancestor;
 	}
 
-	//if it's not in this scope, keep searching up the chain
-	if (!Toy_existsLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables, key)) {
-		return Toy_isDelcaredScopeVariable(scope->ancestor, key);
-	}
-
-	return true;
+	return false;
 }
 
 //return false if undefined, or can't be assigned
 bool Toy_setScopeVariable(Toy_Scope* scope, Toy_Literal key, Toy_Literal value, bool constCheck) {
-	//dead end
-	if (scope == NULL) {
-		return false;
-	}
+	while (scope != NULL) {
+		//if it's not in this scope, keep searching up the chain
+		if (!Toy_existsLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables, key)) {
+			scope = scope->ancestor;
+			continue;
+		}
 
-	//if it's not in this scope, keep searching up the chain
-	if (!Toy_existsLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables, key)) {
-		return Toy_setScopeVariable(scope->ancestor, key, value, constCheck);
-	}
+		//type checking
+		Toy_Literal typeLiteral = Toy_getLiteralDictionary(&scope->types, key);
+		Toy_Literal original = Toy_getLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables, key);
 
-	//type checking
-	Toy_Literal typeLiteral = Toy_getLiteralDictionary(&scope->types, key);
-	Toy_Literal original = Toy_getLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables, key);
+		if (!checkType(typeLiteral, original, value, constCheck)) {
+			Toy_freeLiteral(typeLiteral);
+			Toy_freeLiteral(original);
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		//actually assign
+		Toy_setLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables, key, value); //key & value are copied here
 
-	if (!checkType(typeLiteral, original, value, constCheck)) {
 		Toy_freeLiteral(typeLiteral);
 		Toy_freeLiteral(original);
-		return false;
+
+		return true;
 	}
 
-	//actually assign
-	Toy_setLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables, key, value); //key & value are copied here
-
-	Toy_freeLiteral(typeLiteral);
-	Toy_freeLiteral(original);
-
-	return true;
+	return false;
 }
 
 bool Toy_getScopeVariable(Toy_Scope* scope, Toy_Literal key, Toy_Literal* valueHandle) {
-	//dead end
-	if (scope == NULL) {
-		return false;
+	//optimized to reduce call stack
+	while (scope != NULL) {
+		if (Toy_existsLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables, key)) {
+			*valueHandle = Toy_getLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables, key);
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		scope = scope->ancestor;
 	}
 
-	//if it's not in this scope, keep searching up the chain
-	if (!Toy_existsLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables, key)) {
-		return Toy_getScopeVariable(scope->ancestor, key, valueHandle);
-	}
-
-	*valueHandle = Toy_getLiteralDictionary(&scope->variables, key);
-	return true;
+	return false;
 }
 
 Toy_Literal Toy_getScopeType(Toy_Scope* scope, Toy_Literal key) {
-	//dead end
-	if (scope == NULL) {
-		return TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
+	while (scope != NULL) {
+		if (Toy_existsLiteralDictionary(&scope->types, key)) {
+			return Toy_getLiteralDictionary(&scope->types, key);
+		}
+
+		scope = scope->ancestor;
 	}
 
-	//if it's not in this scope, keep searching up the chain
-	if (!Toy_existsLiteralDictionary(&scope->types, key)) {
-		return Toy_getScopeType(scope->ancestor, key);
-	}
-
-	return Toy_getLiteralDictionary(&scope->types, key);
+	return TOY_TO_NULL_LITERAL;
 }

test/scripts/arithmetic.toy

@@ -38,5 +38,12 @@ s += "bar";
 
 assert s == "foobar", "string addition failed (wasn't sticky enough)";
 
+//check order of operations
+assert 30 / 3 * 2 == 20, "Order of operations failed (raw numbers)";
+var x = 30;
+var y = 3;
+var z = 2;
+assert x / y * z == 20, "Order of operations failed (variables)";
+
 
 print "All good";

test/scripts/casting-parentheses-bugfix.toy

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+var s = "42";
+var t = "69";
+
+assert int (s + t) - 1 == 4268, "casting parentheses failed";
+
+
+print "All good";

test/scripts/comparisons.toy

@@ -23,5 +23,8 @@ assert !false, "!false";
 var c = false;
 assert !c, "!c";
 
+//test multiple comparisons
+assert 1 == 2 == false, "Left-accociative equality failed";
+
 
 print "All good";

test/scripts/dot-modulo-bugfix.toy

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+var days = [
+    "sunday",
+    "monday",
+    "tuesday",
+    "wednesday",
+    "thursday",
+    "friday",
+    "saturday"
+];
+
+var rng = 10; //for chosen at random
+
+
+var index = rng % days.length();
+
+assert index == 3, "dot modulo bugfix failed";
+
+rng %= days.length();
+
+assert rng == 3, "dot modulo assign bugfix failed";
+
+
+print "All good";

test/scripts/lib/standard.toy

@@ -1,5 +1,19 @@
 import standard;
 
+//test clock
+{
+	//this depends on external factors, so only check the length
+	assert clock().length() == 24, "clock().length() failed";
+}
+
+
+//test hash
+{
+	assert typeof "Hello world".hash() == int, "typeof \"Hello world\".hash() failed";
+	assert "Hello world".hash() == 994097935, "\"Hello world\".hash() failed"; //NOTE: specific value based on algorithm
+}
+
+
 //test abs
 {
 	assert abs(-5) == 5, "abs(-integer) failed";
@@ -13,10 +27,77 @@ import standard;
 }
 
 
-//test clock
+//test ceil
 {
-	//this depends on external factors, so only check the length
-	assert clock().length() == 24, "clock().length() failed";
+	assert ceil(4) == 4, "ceil(int) failed";
+	assert ceil(4.0) == 4, "ceil(float) failed";
+	assert ceil(4.1) == 5, "ceil() failed";
+
+	var x = 4.1;
+
+	assert x.ceil() == 5, "var.ceil() failed";
+}
+
+
+//test floor
+{
+	assert floor(4) == 4, "floor(int) failed";
+	assert floor(4.0) == 4, "floor(float) failed";
+	assert floor(4.1) == 4, "floor() failed";
+
+	var x = 4.1;
+
+	assert x.floor() == 4, "var.floor() failed";
+}
+
+
+//test max
+{
+	assert max(1, 2, 3) == 3, "max() failed";
+
+	var a = 1;
+	var b = 2;
+	var c = 3;
+
+	assert max(a, b, c) == 3, "var.max() failed";
+
+	assert max(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0) == 9, "max() with many args failed";
+
+	assert typeof max(1, 2, 3) == int, "typeof max() == int failed";
+	assert typeof max(1, 2, 3.4) == float, "typeof max() == float failed";
+}
+
+
+//test min
+{
+	assert min(1, 2, 3) == 1, "min() failed";
+
+	var a = 1;
+	var b = 2;
+	var c = 3;
+
+	assert min(a, b, c) == 1, "var.min() failed";
+
+	assert min(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0) == 0, "min() with many args failed";
+
+	assert typeof min(1, 2, 3) == int, "typeof min() == int failed";
+	assert typeof min(1, 2, 3.4) == float, "typeof min() == float failed";
+}
+
+
+//test round
+{
+	assert round(4) == 4, "round(int) failed";
+	assert round(4.0) == 4, "round(float) failed";
+	assert round(4.1) == 4, "round(less than half) failed";
+	assert round(4.9) == 5, "round(greater than half) failed";
+	assert round(4.5) == 5, "round(exactly half) failed";
+
+	var x = 4.1;
+
+	assert x.round() == 4, "var.round() failed";
+
+	assert typeof round(1.0) == int, "typeof round() == int failed";
 }
 
 
@@ -175,13 +256,6 @@ import standard;
 }
 
 
-//test hash
-{
-	assert typeof "Hello world".hash() == int, "typeof \"Hello world\".hash() failed";
-	assert "Hello world".hash() == 994097935, "\"Hello world\".hash() failed"; //NOTE: specific value based on algorithm
-}
-
-
 //test indexOf
 {
 	var a = [1, 2, 42, 3];

test/scripts/short-circuiting-support.toy

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//explicitly support && and || short circuits
+
+assert 1 && 2 == 2, "&& short-circuit failed";
+
+assert 1 || 2 == 1, "|| short-circuit failed";
+
+
+print "All good";
+

test/test_interpreter.c

@@ -108,12 +108,14 @@ int main() {
 		//run each file in tests/scripts/
 		const char* filenames[] = {
 			"arithmetic.toy",
+			"casting-parentheses-bugfix.toy",
 			"casting.toy",
 			"coercions.toy",
 			"comparisons.toy",
 			"dot-and-matrix.toy",
 			"dot-assignments-bugfix.toy",
 			"dot-chaining.toy",
+			"dot-modulo-bugfix.toy",
 			"dottify-bugfix.toy",
 			"functions.toy",
 			"index-arrays.toy",
@@ -132,6 +134,7 @@ int main() {
 			"panic-within-functions.toy",
 			"polyfill-insert.toy",
 			"polyfill-remove.toy",
+			"short-circuiting-support.toy",
 			"ternary-expressions.toy",
 			"types.toy",
 			NULL

test/test_libraries.c

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "toy_console_colors.h"
 
 #include "toy_memory.h"
+#include "toy_drive_system.h"
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -63,15 +64,9 @@ typedef struct Payload {
 
 int main() {
 	//setup the runner filesystem (hacky)
-	Toy_initDriveDictionary();
+	Toy_initDriveSystem();
 
-	Toy_Literal driveLiteral = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(Toy_createRefString("scripts"));
-	Toy_Literal pathLiteral = TOY_TO_STRING_LITERAL(Toy_createRefString("scripts"));
-
-	Toy_setLiteralDictionary(Toy_getDriveDictionary(), driveLiteral, pathLiteral);
-
-	Toy_freeLiteral(driveLiteral);
-	Toy_freeLiteral(pathLiteral);
+	Toy_setDrivePath("scripts", "scripts");
 
 	{
 		//run each file in test/scripts
@@ -113,7 +108,7 @@ int main() {
 	}
 
 	//lib cleanup
-	Toy_freeDriveDictionary();
+	Toy_freeDriveSystem();
 
 	if (!failedAsserts) {
 		printf(TOY_CC_NOTICE "All good\n" TOY_CC_RESET);

tools/memusage/main.c

@@ -10,25 +10,32 @@
 int currentMemoryUsed = 0;
 int maxMemoryUsed = 0;
 int memoryAllocCalls = 0;
+int memoryAllocFree = 0;
+int memoryAllocRealloc = 0;
 
 static void* trackerAllocator(void* pointer, size_t oldSize, size_t newSize) {
+	//the number of raw calls
+	memoryAllocCalls++;
+
+	//causes issues, so just skip out with a NO-OP
 	if (newSize == 0 && oldSize == 0) {
-		//causes issues, so just skip out with a NO-OP
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	memoryAllocCalls++;
-
 	//track the changes
 	currentMemoryUsed = currentMemoryUsed - oldSize + newSize;
 	maxMemoryUsed = currentMemoryUsed > maxMemoryUsed ? currentMemoryUsed : maxMemoryUsed;
 
 	if (newSize == 0) {
+		//the number of frees
+		memoryAllocFree++;
 		free(pointer);
 
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
+	//the number of reallocations
+	memoryAllocRealloc++;
 	void* mem = realloc(pointer, newSize);
 
 	if (mem == NULL) {
@@ -69,7 +76,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
 	Toy_freeDriveDictionary();
 
 	//report output
-	printf("Memory report: %d max bytes, %d calls\n", maxMemoryUsed, memoryAllocCalls);
+	printf("Heap Memory Report:\n\t%d max bytes\n\t%d calls to the allocator\n\t%d calls to realloc()\n\t%d calls to free()\n\t%d discrepancies\n", maxMemoryUsed, memoryAllocCalls, memoryAllocRealloc, memoryAllocFree, memoryAllocCalls - memoryAllocRealloc - memoryAllocFree);
 
 	return 0;
 }