Updated cheatsheet.md

Also fixed floating point printing with sprintf

README.md

@@ -33,10 +33,9 @@ fn makeCounter() {
 
 var tally = makeCounter();
 
-while (true) {
+var result = 0;
-	var result = tally();
+while (result = tally()) {
-
+	print result;
-	print result; //prints 1 to 10
 
 	if (result >= 10) {
 		break;

docs/src/README.md

@@ -29,10 +29,9 @@ fn makeCounter() {
 
 var tally = makeCounter();
 
-while (true) {
+var result = 0;
-	var result = tally();
+while (result = tally()) {
-
+	print result;
-	print result; //prints 1 to 10
 
 	if (result >= 10) {
 		break;

docs/src/cheatsheet.md

@@ -142,3 +142,18 @@ TOY_API unsigned int Toy_runVM(Toy_VM* vm);
 TOY_API void Toy_freeVM(Toy_VM* vm);
 TOY_API Toy_Value Toy_getReturnValueFromVM(Toy_VM* parentVM, Toy_VM* subVM);
 ```
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The tools in `repl/` includes a standard library, which can be added to the root VM by calling `initStandardLibrary` just before `Toy_runVM`. It provides the following general purpose functions:
+
+* `min(x, y)`
+* `max(x, y)`
+* `floor(x)`
+* `ceil(x)`
+* `sqrt(x)`
+* `range(x)`
+
+It also offers an example of how to write an API.
+
+*Note: Range returns a closure intended for use in the `for` keyword, but the that keyword isn't done yet.*

examples/fibonacci.toy

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-//tentatively functional
-
 //fibonacci sequence
 fn fib(n) {
 	if (n < 2) return n;

examples/hello_world.toy

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+//the semicolon is super important
+print "Hello world!";

examples/leapyear.toy

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-//find the leap years
+//is 'n' a leap year
 fn isLeapYear(n: Int) {
 	if (n % 400 == 0) return true;
 	if (n % 100 == 0) return false;
 	return n % 4 == 0;
 }
 
-//check for string reuse
 {
 	print isLeapYear(1999);
 }

examples/rng.toy

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+var randi: Int = 69420;
+fn rand() {
+	//a quick and dirty random number generator
+	return randi = randi * 1664525 + 1013904223;
+}
+
+print rand();
+print rand();
+print rand();

examples/tally.toy

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ fn makeCounter() {
 	return increment;
 }
 
+//'tally' becomes a closure
 var tally = makeCounter();
 
-while (true) {
+var result = 0;
-	var result = tally();
+while (result = tally()) {
-
 	print result;
 
 	if (result >= 10) {

repl/bucket_inspector.c

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ int inspect_bucket(Toy_Bucket** bucketHandle) {
 		unsigned char* ptr = iter->data;
 
 
-		while ((ptr - iter->data < iter->count) && *((int*)ptr) != 0) { //for each partition
+		while ((ptr >= iter->data) && (ptr < iter->data + iter->count) && *((int*)ptr) != 0) { //for each partition
 			if ( ( *((int*)ptr) & 1) == 0) { //is this partition still in use?
 				occupied++;
 

repl/bytecode_inspector.c

@@ -233,6 +233,10 @@ int inspect_instruction(unsigned char* bytecode, unsigned int pc, unsigned int j
 			printf(MARKER "MODULO %s\n", MARKER_VALUE(pc, unsigned char), bytecode[pc + 1] == TOY_OPCODE_ASSIGN ? "and ASSIGN" : "");
 			return 4;
 
+		case TOY_OPCODE_INVERT:
+			printf(MARKER "INVERT\n", MARKER_VALUE(pc, unsigned char));
+			return 4;
+
 		case TOY_OPCODE_COMPARE_EQUAL:
 			printf(MARKER "COMPARE %s\n", MARKER_VALUE(pc, unsigned char), bytecode[pc + 1] != TOY_OPCODE_NEGATE ? "==" : "!=");
 			return 4;

repl/main.c

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include "toy_compiler.h"
 #include "toy_vm.h"
 
-//NOTE: for testing
 #include "standard_library.h"
 
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ unsigned char* readFile(char* path, int* size) {
 
 	//determine the file's length
 	fseek(file, 0L, SEEK_END);
-	*size = ftell(file);
+	*size = (int)ftell(file);
 	rewind(file);
 
 	//make some space
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ unsigned char* readFile(char* path, int* size) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	buffer[(*size)++] = '\0';
+	buffer[(*size)] = '\0';
 
 	//clean up and return
 	fclose(file);
@@ -334,7 +333,7 @@ int repl(const char* filepath, bool verbose) {
 			inputBuffer[--length] = '\0';
 		}
 
-		if (length == 0 || !inputBuffer[ strspn(inputBuffer, " \r\n\t") ]) {
+		if (length == 0 || inputBuffer[ strspn(inputBuffer, " \r\n\t") ] == '\0') {
 			printf("%s> ", prompt); //shows the terminal prompt and restart
 			continue;
 		}

repl/standard_library.c

@@ -1,49 +1,185 @@
 #include "standard_library.h"
 #include "toy_console_colors.h"
 
-#include "toy_print.h"
 #include "toy_scope.h"
 #include "toy_stack.h"
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <math.h>
 
 typedef struct CallbackPairs {
 	const char* name;
 	Toy_nativeCallback callback;
 } CallbackPairs;
 
-//example callbacks
+//example of how to write and use C bindings
-static void answer(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
+static void std_min(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
-	(void)vm;
 	(void)self;
-	Toy_print(TOY_CC_DEBUG "This function returns the integer '42' to the calling scope." TOY_CC_RESET);
+
-	Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, TOY_VALUE_FROM_INTEGER(42));
+	//return the lesser of two values, or null on error
+	Toy_Value first = Toy_popStack(&vm->stack);
+	Toy_Value second = Toy_popStack(&vm->stack);
+
+	//check types
+	if ((!TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(first) && !TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(first)) || (!TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(second) && !TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(second))) {
+		char buffer[256];
+		snprintf(buffer, 256, "Invalid types '%s' and '%s' found in 'min()'", Toy_getValueTypeAsCString(Toy_unwrapValue(first).type), Toy_getValueTypeAsCString(Toy_unwrapValue(second).type));
+		Toy_error(buffer);
+
+		Toy_freeValue(first);
+		Toy_freeValue(second);
+		Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, TOY_VALUE_FROM_NULL());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	//compare ints, or coerce ints into floats if needed
+	if (TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(first) && TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(second)) {
+		Toy_Value result = TOY_VALUE_FROM_INTEGER(TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(first) < TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(second) ? TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(first) : TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(second));
+		Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, result);
+		return;
+	}
+	else if (TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(first) && TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(second)) {
+		first = TOY_VALUE_FROM_FLOAT( (float)TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(first) );
+	}
+	else if (TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(first) && TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(second)) {
+		second = TOY_VALUE_FROM_FLOAT( (float)TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(second) );
+	}
+
+	//finally, do the comparison on floats
+	Toy_Value result = TOY_VALUE_FROM_FLOAT(TOY_VALUE_AS_FLOAT(first) < TOY_VALUE_AS_FLOAT(second) ? TOY_VALUE_AS_FLOAT(first) : TOY_VALUE_AS_FLOAT(second));
+	Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, result);
+	//NOTE: not freeing scalar values does work, but only in narrow cases
 }
 
-static void identity(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
+static void std_max(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
-	//does nothing, but any arguements are left on the stack as results
-	(void)vm;
 	(void)self;
+
+	//return the lesser of two values, or null on error
+	Toy_Value first = Toy_popStack(&vm->stack);
+	Toy_Value second = Toy_popStack(&vm->stack);
+
+	//check types
+	if ((!TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(first) && !TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(first)) || (!TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(second) && !TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(second))) {
+		char buffer[256];
+		snprintf(buffer, 256, "Invalid types '%s' and '%s' found in 'max()'", Toy_getValueTypeAsCString(Toy_unwrapValue(first).type), Toy_getValueTypeAsCString(Toy_unwrapValue(second).type));
+		Toy_error(buffer);
+
+		Toy_freeValue(first);
+		Toy_freeValue(second);
+		Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, TOY_VALUE_FROM_NULL());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	//compare ints, or coerce ints into floats if needed
+	if (TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(first) && TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(second)) {
+		Toy_Value result = TOY_VALUE_FROM_INTEGER(TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(first) > TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(second) ? TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(first) : TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(second));
+		Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, result);
+		return;
+	}
+	else if (TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(first) && TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(second)) {
+		first = TOY_VALUE_FROM_FLOAT( (float)TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(first) );
+	}
+	else if (TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(first) && TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(second)) {
+		second = TOY_VALUE_FROM_FLOAT( (float)TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(second) );
+	}
+
+	//finally, do the comparison on floats
+	Toy_Value result = TOY_VALUE_FROM_FLOAT(TOY_VALUE_AS_FLOAT(first) > TOY_VALUE_AS_FLOAT(second) ? TOY_VALUE_AS_FLOAT(first) : TOY_VALUE_AS_FLOAT(second));
+	Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, result);
+	//NOTE: not freeing scalar values does work, but only in narrow cases
 }
 
-static void echo(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
+static void std_floor(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
 	(void)self;
-	//pops one argument, and prints it
+
 	Toy_Value value = Toy_popStack(&vm->stack);
-	Toy_String* string = Toy_stringifyValue(&vm->memoryBucket, value);
-	char* cstr = Toy_getStringRaw(string);
 
-	Toy_print(cstr);
+	if (!TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(value) && !TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(value)) {
+		char buffer[256];
+		snprintf(buffer, 256, "Invalid type '%s' found in 'floor()'", Toy_getValueTypeAsCString(Toy_unwrapValue(value).type));
+		Toy_error(buffer);
 
-	free(cstr);
-	Toy_freeString(string);
 		Toy_freeValue(value);
+		Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, TOY_VALUE_FROM_NULL());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	//this only runs on floats, but converts them to integers
+	if (TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(value)) {
+		double d = (double)TOY_VALUE_AS_FLOAT(value);
+		d = floor(d);
+		value = TOY_VALUE_FROM_INTEGER((int)d);
+	}
+
+	Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, value);
+}
+
+static void std_ceil(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
+	(void)self;
+
+	Toy_Value value = Toy_popStack(&vm->stack);
+
+	if (!TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(value) && !TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(value)) {
+		char buffer[256];
+		snprintf(buffer, 256, "Invalid type '%s' found in 'ceil()'", Toy_getValueTypeAsCString(Toy_unwrapValue(value).type));
+		Toy_error(buffer);
+
+		Toy_freeValue(value);
+		Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, TOY_VALUE_FROM_NULL());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	//this only runs on floats, but converts them to integers
+	if (TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(value)) {
+		double d = (double)TOY_VALUE_AS_FLOAT(value);
+		d = ceil(d);
+		value = TOY_VALUE_FROM_INTEGER((int)d);
+	}
+
+	Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, value);
+}
+
+static void std_sqrt(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
+	(void)self;
+
+	Toy_Value value = Toy_popStack(&vm->stack);
+
+	if (!TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(value) && !TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(value)) {
+		char buffer[256];
+		snprintf(buffer, 256, "Invalid type '%s' found in 'sqrt()'", Toy_getValueTypeAsCString(Toy_unwrapValue(value).type));
+		Toy_error(buffer);
+
+		Toy_freeValue(value);
+		Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, TOY_VALUE_FROM_NULL());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	double d = 0;
+
+	if (TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(value)) d = (double)TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(value);
+	else if (TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(value)) d = (double)TOY_VALUE_AS_FLOAT(value);
+
+	//only works on non-negative values
+	if (d < 0) {
+		char buffer[256];
+		snprintf(buffer, 256, "Can't get the sqrt of a negative number (found '%g')", d);
+		Toy_error(buffer);
+
+		Toy_freeValue(value);
+		Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, TOY_VALUE_FROM_NULL());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	//do the thing and push the result
+	d = sqrt(d);
+
+	Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, TOY_VALUE_FROM_FLOAT((float)d));
 }
 
 static void next(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
-	//used by 'range'
+	//used by 'std_range'
 	if (self->meta2 < self->meta1) {
 		Toy_Value result = TOY_VALUE_FROM_INTEGER(self->meta2);
 		Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, result);
@@ -54,7 +190,7 @@ static void next(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
 	}
 }
 
-static void range(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
+static void std_range(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
 	(void)self;
 
 	//one arg to represent the number of iterations
@@ -79,12 +215,13 @@ static void range(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
 	Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, result);
 }
 
-
 CallbackPairs callbackPairs[] = {
-	{"dbg_answer", answer},
+	{"min", std_min},
-	{"dbg_identity", identity},
+	{"max", std_max},
-	{"dbg_echo", echo},
+	{"floor", std_floor},
-	{"range", range},
+	{"ceil", std_ceil},
+	{"sqrt", std_sqrt},
+	{"range", std_range},
 
 	{NULL, NULL},
 };

scripts/benchpress.toy

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-//calculate the nth fibonacci number, and print it
-
-var counter: Int = 0;
-
-var first: Int = 1;
-var second: Int = 0;
-
-while (counter < 100_000) {
-	var third: Int = first + second;
-	first = second;
-	second = third;
-
-	print third;
-
-	++counter;
-}

scripts/blockhead.toy

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-
-fn output(arg) {
-	print arg;
-}
-
-var array = ["alpha", "bravo", "charlie"];
-
-
-
-array.forEach(echo);
-array.forEach(output);

scripts/for-theory.toy

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-//WARN: This is just a scratch pad, don't use it
-//TODO: table.hasValue or table.getKeyFromValue?
-
-
-//for (var i in array) print i;
-//for (var i in table) print i;
-//for (var i in range(10)) print i;
-//for (range(10)) print "ha";
-
-
-//example of a `range`-like function
-fn range(limit: Int) {
-	var counter: Int = 0;
-
-	fn next() {
-		if (counter >= limit) {
-			return null;
-		}
-		else return counter++;
-	}
-
-	return next;
-}
-
-var next = range(10);
-
-
-fn log(x) {
-	if (x == null) return;
-	print x;
-}
-
-while (true) {
-	log(next());
-}

scripts/hello_world.toy

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-
-
-var table = [
-	"Alpha": 1,
-	"Bravo": 2,
-	"Charlie": 3,
-	"Delta": 4,
-	"Echo": 5,
-	"Foxtrot": 6,
-	"Golf": 7,
-	"Hotel": 8,
-	"India": 9,
-	"Juliett": 10,
-	"Kilo": 11,
-	"Lima": 12,
-	"Mike": 13,
-];
-
-for (var i in table) {
-	print i;
-}

scripts/randi.toy

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-
-
-
-var randi: Int = 69420;
-fn rand() {
-	return randi = randi * 1664525 + 1013904223;
-}
-
-
-var a  = rand();
-
-

source/toy_ast.h

@@ -86,9 +86,10 @@ typedef enum Toy_AstFlag {
 	TOY_AST_FLAG_PREFIX_DECREMENT = 42,
 	TOY_AST_FLAG_POSTFIX_INCREMENT = 43,
 	TOY_AST_FLAG_POSTFIX_DECREMENT = 44,
+	TOY_AST_FLAG_INVERT = 45,
 
-	TOY_AST_FLAG_INVOKATION = 45,
+	TOY_AST_FLAG_INVOKATION = 46,
-	TOY_AST_FLAG_ATTRIBUTE = 46,
+	TOY_AST_FLAG_ATTRIBUTE = 47,
 
 	// TOY_AST_FLAG_TERNARY,
 } Toy_AstFlag;

source/toy_attributes.c

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ static void attr_tableRemove(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_FunctionNative* self) {
 
 Toy_Value Toy_private_handleTableAttributes(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_Value compound, Toy_Value attribute) {
 	if (MATCH_VALUE_AND_CSTRING(attribute, "length")) {
-		return TOY_VALUE_FROM_INTEGER(TOY_VALUE_AS_ARRAY(compound)->count);
+		return TOY_VALUE_FROM_INTEGER(TOY_VALUE_AS_TABLE(compound)->count);
 	}
 	else if (MATCH_VALUE_AND_CSTRING(attribute, "insert")) {
 		Toy_Function* fn = Toy_createFunctionFromCallback(&vm->memoryBucket, attr_tableInsert);

source/toy_bucket.h

@@ -56,5 +56,3 @@ TOY_API void Toy_collectBucketGarbage(Toy_Bucket** bucketHandle);
 #ifndef TOY_BUCKET_IDEAL
 #define TOY_BUCKET_IDEAL (TOY_BUCKET_64KB - sizeof(Toy_Bucket))
 #endif
-
-//TODO: check for leaks when freeBucket is called, for debugging

source/toy_compiler.c

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ static void emitByte(unsigned char** handle, unsigned int* capacity, unsigned in
 	((unsigned char*)(*handle))[(*count)++] = byte;
 }
 
+//BUG: There might be issues here when compiled on big-endian platforms
 static void emitInt(unsigned char** handle, unsigned int* capacity, unsigned int* count, unsigned int bytes) {
 	char* ptr = (char*)&bytes;
 	emitByte(handle, capacity, count, *(ptr++));
@@ -168,8 +169,8 @@ static unsigned int emitString(Toy_Bytecode** mb, Toy_String* str) {
 	}
 
 	//mark the position within the jump index, reusing an existing entry if it exists
-	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < (*mb)->jumpsCount; i++) {
+	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < (*mb)->jumpsCount; i += 4) {
-		if ((*mb)->jumps[i] == dataAddr) {
+		if (*(unsigned int*)((*mb)->jumps + i) == dataAddr) {
 			//reuse, and finish
 			EMIT_INT(mb, code, i);
 			return 1;
@@ -200,13 +201,13 @@ static unsigned int emitParameters(Toy_Bytecode* mb, Toy_Ast* ast) {
 	}
 
 	//the address within the data section
-	char buffer[128];
+	char buffer[256];
-	snprintf(buffer, 128, "%.*s", ast->varDeclare.name->info.length, ast->varDeclare.name->leaf.data);
+	snprintf(buffer, 256, "%.*s", ast->varDeclare.name->info.length, ast->varDeclare.name->leaf.data);
 	unsigned int dataAddr = emitCStringToData(&(mb->data), &(mb->dataCapacity), &(mb->dataCount), buffer);
 
 	//check the param index for that entry i.e. don't reuse parameter names
-	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < mb->paramCount; i++) {
+	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < mb->paramCount; i+=4) {
-		if (mb->param[i] == dataAddr) {
+		if (*(unsigned int*)(mb->param + i) == dataAddr) {
 			//not allowed
 			fprintf(stderr, TOY_CC_ERROR "COMPILER ERROR: Function parameters must have unique names\n" TOY_CC_RESET);
 			mb->panic = true;
@@ -376,6 +377,17 @@ static unsigned int writeInstructionUnary(Toy_Bytecode** mb, Toy_AstUnary ast) {
 		result = 1;
 	}
 
+	else if (ast.flag == TOY_AST_FLAG_INVERT) {
+		result = writeBytecodeFromAst(mb, ast.child);
+
+		EMIT_BYTE(mb, code, TOY_OPCODE_INVERT);
+
+		//4-byte alignment
+		EMIT_BYTE(mb, code, 0);
+		EMIT_BYTE(mb, code, 0);
+		EMIT_BYTE(mb, code, 0);
+	}
+
 	else {
 		fprintf(stderr, TOY_CC_ERROR "ERROR: Invalid AST unary flag found\n" TOY_CC_RESET);
 		exit(-1);
@@ -620,6 +632,12 @@ static unsigned int writeInstructionIfThenElse(Toy_Bytecode** mb, Toy_AstIfThenE
 	//cond-branch
 	writeBytecodeFromAst(mb, ast.condBranch);
 
+	//leave the assigned value on the stack when inside a condition
+	if (checkForChainedAssign(ast.condBranch)) {
+		Toy_AstVarAccess access = { .type = TOY_AST_VAR_ACCESS, .child = ast.condBranch->varAssign.target };
+		writeInstructionAccess(mb, access);
+	}
+
 	//emit the jump word (opcode, type, condition, padding)
 	EMIT_BYTE(mb, code, TOY_OPCODE_JUMP);
 	EMIT_BYTE(mb, code, TOY_OP_PARAM_JUMP_RELATIVE);
@@ -665,6 +683,12 @@ static unsigned int writeInstructionWhileThen(Toy_Bytecode** mb, Toy_AstWhileThe
 	//cond-branch
 	writeBytecodeFromAst(mb, ast.condBranch);
 
+	//leave the assigned value on the stack when inside a condition
+	if (checkForChainedAssign(ast.condBranch)) {
+		Toy_AstVarAccess access = { .type = TOY_AST_VAR_ACCESS, .child = ast.condBranch->varAssign.target };
+		writeInstructionAccess(mb, access);
+	}
+
 	//emit the jump word (opcode, type, condition, padding)
 	EMIT_BYTE(mb, code, TOY_OPCODE_JUMP);
 	EMIT_BYTE(mb, code, TOY_OP_PARAM_JUMP_RELATIVE);
@@ -763,7 +787,7 @@ static unsigned int writeInstructionForThen(Toy_Bytecode** mb, Toy_AstForThen as
 
 	emitString(mb, ast.condBranch->iterable.left->varDeclare.name);
 
-	//TODO: use a different approach
+	//TODO: use a different approach?
 	//BUGFIX: shadow the iterable's name
 	EMIT_BYTE(mb, code, TOY_OPCODE_READ);
 	EMIT_BYTE(mb, code, TOY_VALUE_NULL);
@@ -1440,7 +1464,7 @@ static void writeBytecodeBody(Toy_Bytecode* mb, Toy_Ast* ast) {
 	writeBytecodeFromAst(&mb, ast);
 
 	//append an extra return if needed
-	if (mb->codeCount <= 4 || mb->code[mb->codeCount - 4] != TOY_OPCODE_RETURN) { //if empty or no return statement
+	if (mb->codeCount < 4 || mb->code[mb->codeCount - 4] != TOY_OPCODE_RETURN) { //if empty or no return statement
 		EMIT_BYTE(&mb, code, TOY_OPCODE_RETURN); //end terminator
 		EMIT_BYTE(&mb, code, 0); //4-byte alignment
 		EMIT_BYTE(&mb, code, 0);

source/toy_opcodes.h

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ typedef enum Toy_OpcodeType {
 	TOY_OPCODE_MULTIPLY,
 	TOY_OPCODE_DIVIDE,
 	TOY_OPCODE_MODULO,
+	TOY_OPCODE_INVERT, //negative numbers
 
 	//comparison instructions
 	TOY_OPCODE_COMPARE_EQUAL,

source/toy_parser.c

@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ static Toy_AstFlag literal(Toy_Bucket** bucketHandle, Toy_Parser* parser, Toy_As
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_LITERAL_INTEGER: {
 			//filter the '_' character
-			char buffer[parser->previous.length];
+			char buffer[parser->previous.length + 1];
 
 			unsigned int i = 0, o = 0;
 			do {
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ static Toy_AstFlag literal(Toy_Bucket** bucketHandle, Toy_Parser* parser, Toy_As
 
 		case TOY_TOKEN_LITERAL_FLOAT: {
 			//filter the '_' character
-			char buffer[parser->previous.length];
+			char buffer[parser->previous.length + 1];
 
 			unsigned int i = 0, o = 0;
 			do {
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ static Toy_AstFlag unary(Toy_Bucket** bucketHandle, Toy_Parser* parser, Toy_Ast*
 		}
 		else {
 			//actually emit the negation node
-			Toy_private_emitAstUnary(bucketHandle, rootHandle, TOY_AST_FLAG_NEGATE);
+			Toy_private_emitAstUnary(bucketHandle, rootHandle, TOY_AST_FLAG_INVERT);
 		}
 	}
 

source/toy_print.c

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "toy_print.h"
 
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 static Toy_callbackType printCallback = puts;
@@ -19,14 +20,17 @@ void Toy_assertFailure(const char* msg) {
 }
 
 void Toy_setPrintCallback(Toy_callbackType cb) {
+	assert(cb);
 	printCallback = cb;
 }
 
 void Toy_setErrorCallback(Toy_callbackType cb) {
+	assert(cb);
 	errorCallback = cb;
 }
 
 void Toy_setAssertFailureCallback(Toy_callbackType cb) {
+	assert(cb);
 	assertCallback = cb;
 }
 

source/toy_scope.c

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ static void probeAndInsert(Toy_Scope* scope, Toy_String* key, Toy_Value value, T
 		}
 
 		//if this spot is free, insert and return
-		if (TOY_VALUE_IS_NULL(scope->data[probe].value)) {
+		if (scope->data[probe].key == NULL) { //fuck my life
 			scope->data[probe] = entry;
 			scope->count++;
 			scope->maxPsl = entry.psl > scope->maxPsl ? entry.psl : scope->maxPsl;

source/toy_value.c

@@ -464,29 +464,15 @@ Toy_String* Toy_stringifyValue(Toy_Bucket** bucketHandle, Toy_Value value) {
 			}
 
 		case TOY_VALUE_INTEGER: {
-			char buffer[16];
+			char buffer[128];
 			sprintf(buffer, "%d", value.as.integer);
 			return Toy_createStringLength(bucketHandle, buffer, strlen(buffer));
 		}
 
 		case TOY_VALUE_FLOAT: {
-			//using printf
+			char buffer[128];
-			char buffer[16];
+			sprintf(buffer, "%g", value.as.number);
-			sprintf(buffer, "%f", value.as.number);
-
-			//BUGFIX: printf format specificer '%f' will set the precision to 6 decimal places, which means there's trailing zeroes
 			unsigned int length = strlen(buffer);
-
-			//find the decimal, if it exists
-			unsigned int decimal = 0;
-			while (decimal != length && buffer[decimal] != '.' && buffer[decimal] != ',') decimal++; //'.' and ',' supports more locales
-
-			//locales are hard, sorry!
-			if (decimal != length && buffer[decimal] == ',') buffer[decimal] = '.';
-
-			//wipe the trailing zeros
-			while(decimal != length && buffer[length-1] == '0') buffer[--length] = '\0';
-
 			return Toy_createStringLength(bucketHandle, buffer, length);
 		}
 

source/toy_vm.c

@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ static void processRead(Toy_VM* vm) {
 			//grab the jump as an integer
 			unsigned int jump = *((int*)(vm->code + vm->jumpsAddr + READ_INT(vm)));
 
+			//BUG: the jump parameter could cause an out of bounds read if it's malformed
+
 			//jumps are relative to the data address
 			char* cstring = (char*)(vm->code + vm->dataAddr + jump);
 
@@ -544,7 +546,7 @@ static void processIterate(Toy_VM* vm) {
 			processJump(vm);
 		}
 	}
-	//TODO: support closures as a parameter
+	//TODO: support closures in for-loops
 	else {
 		fprintf(stderr, TOY_CC_ERROR "ERROR: Unknown iterable type '%s' found in for loop, exiting\n" TOY_CC_RESET, Toy_getValueTypeAsCString(Toy_unwrapValue(compound).type));
 		exit(-1);
@@ -552,6 +554,25 @@ static void processIterate(Toy_VM* vm) {
 }
 
 static void processArithmetic(Toy_VM* vm, Toy_OpcodeType opcode) {
+	//BUGFIX: handle negative variables
+	if (opcode == TOY_OPCODE_INVERT) {
+		Toy_Value value = Toy_popStack(&vm->stack);
+		if (TOY_VALUE_IS_INTEGER(value)) {
+			int intermediate = TOY_VALUE_AS_INTEGER(value);
+			Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, TOY_VALUE_FROM_INTEGER(-intermediate));
+		}
+		else if (TOY_VALUE_IS_FLOAT(value)) {
+			float intermediate = TOY_VALUE_AS_FLOAT(value);
+			Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, TOY_VALUE_FROM_FLOAT(-intermediate));
+		}
+		else {
+			Toy_error("Can't negate a non-number");
+			Toy_freeValue(value);
+			Toy_pushStack(&vm->stack, TOY_VALUE_FROM_NULL());
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
 	Toy_Value right = Toy_popStack(&vm->stack);
 	Toy_Value left = Toy_popStack(&vm->stack);
 
@@ -805,7 +826,7 @@ static void processAssert(Toy_VM* vm) {
 
 	//determine the args
 	if (count == 1) {
-		message = TOY_VALUE_FROM_STRING(Toy_toString(&vm->memoryBucket, "assertion failed")); //TODO: better default error message
+		message = TOY_VALUE_FROM_STRING(Toy_toString(&vm->memoryBucket, "assertion failed")); //TODO: better default assert message
 		value = Toy_popStack(&vm->stack);
 	}
 	else if (count == 2) {
@@ -1094,6 +1115,7 @@ static unsigned int process(Toy_VM* vm) {
 			case TOY_OPCODE_MULTIPLY:
 			case TOY_OPCODE_DIVIDE:
 			case TOY_OPCODE_MODULO:
+			case TOY_OPCODE_INVERT:
 				processArithmetic(vm, opcode);
 				break;
 

tests/makefile

@@ -7,5 +7,3 @@ all:
 gdb:
 	$(MAKE) -C units -k gdb
 	$(MAKE) -C scripts -k gdb
-
-#TODO: valgrind

tests/scripts/test_attribute.toy

@@ -1 +1 @@
-//TODO: empty test script
+//URGENT: empty test script

tests/scripts/test_functions.toy

@@ -1 +1 @@
-//TODO: empty test script
+//URGENT: empty test script

tests/scripts/test_keyword_for_iteration.toy

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//TODO: empty test script
+//URGENT: empty test script
 
 //TODO: test iteration on arrays, tables, closures
 

tests/scripts/test_keyword_return.toy

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 
-fn empty() { //BUG: there's an extra return in the bytecode
+fn empty() {
+	//
+}
+
+fn almostEmpty() {
 	return;
 }
 
-fn full() {
+fn notEmpty() {
 	return 42;
 }

tests/scripts/test_variables.toy

@@ -157,4 +157,11 @@ print !false; //true
 	print a;
 }
 
+{
+	//Yet Another Cosmic Joke
+	var a = null;
+	var i = 42;
+	print a;
+}
+
 //TODO: type casting

tests/units/test_attribute.c

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 int main(void) {
-	//TODO: Test not yet implemented
+	//URGENT: Test not yet implemented
 	printf(TOY_CC_WARN "Test not yet implemented: %s\n" TOY_CC_RESET, __FILE__);
 	return 0;
 }

tests/units/test_function.c

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ int test_functions_from_bytecodes(void) {
 }
 
 int test_functions_from_callbacks(void) {
-	//TODO: Test not yet implemented
+	//URGENT: Test not yet implemented
 	printf(TOY_CC_WARN "WIP test not yet implemented: %s\n" TOY_CC_RESET, __FILE__);
 	return 0;
 }

tests/units/test_value.c

@@ -607,8 +607,8 @@ int main(void) {
 		total += res;
 	}
 
-	//TODO: references
+	//TODO: references?
-	//TODO: type coersions
+	//TODO: type coersions?
 	//TODO: opaques?
 
 	return total;