diff --git a/source/actions.py b/source/actions.py
index febb8c3..d83dc30 100644
--- a/source/actions.py
+++ b/source/actions.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from typing import List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
 import colors
 from floor_map import FloorMap
 from inventory import Inventory
+from useable import BaseUseable
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
 	from engine import Engine
@@ -132,9 +133,13 @@ class PickupAction(BaseAction):
 		if len(item_stack) == 0:
 			return False
 		elif len(item_stack) == 1:
+			msg = "you picked up a(n) {item_stack[0].name}"
+			if item_stack[0].useable.current_stack > 1:
+				msg = msg = f"you picked up a stack of {item_stack[0].useable.current_stack} {item_stack[0].name}"
+
 			floor_map.entities.remove(item_stack[0])
 			self.entity.inventory.insert(item_stack[0])
-			engine.message_log.add_message(f"you picked up a(n) {item_stack[0].name}", color=colors.terminal_light)
+			engine.message_log.add_message(msg, color=colors.terminal_light)
 		else:
 			from event_handlers import OptionSelector #circular imports are a pain
 
@@ -155,18 +160,24 @@ class PickupAction(BaseAction):
 
 	#utils
 	def pickup_callback(self, engine: Engine, floor_map: FloorMap, entity: Entity, item: Entity) -> None:
+		msg = "you picked up a(n) {item.name}"
+		if item.useable.current_stack > 1:
+			msg = msg = f"you picked up a stack of {item.useable.current_stack} {item.name}"
+
 		floor_map.entities.remove(item)
 		entity.inventory.insert(item)
-		engine.message_log.add_message(f"you picked up a(n) {item.name}", color=colors.terminal_light)
+		engine.message_log.add_message(msg, color=colors.terminal_light)
 
 class DropAction(BaseAction):
 	"""Drop an item from an entity's inventory at the entity's location"""
 	index: int
+	display_callback: function
 
-	def __init__(self, entity: Entity, index: int):
+	def __init__(self, entity: Entity, index: int, display_callback: function):
 		"""override the base __init__"""
 		super().__init__(entity)
 		self.index = index
+		self.display_callback = display_callback
 
 	def perform(self) -> bool:
 		x = self.entity.x
@@ -183,6 +194,81 @@ class DropAction(BaseAction):
 
 		floor_map.entities.add(item)
 
+		if self.display_callback: #adjust the cursor
+			self.display_callback(-1)
+
 		engine.message_log.add_message(f"you dropped a(n) {item.name}", color=colors.terminal_light)
 
 		return True
+
+
+class DropPartialStackAction(BaseAction):
+	"""Drop part of a stack from an entity's inventory at the entity's location"""
+	index: int
+	amount: int
+	display_callback: function
+
+	def __init__(self, entity: Entity, index: int, amount: int, display_callback: function):
+		"""override the base __init__"""
+		super().__init__(entity)
+		self.index = index
+		self.amount = amount
+		self.display_callback = display_callback
+
+	def perform(self) -> bool:
+		x = self.entity.x
+		y = self.entity.y
+
+		inventory: Inventory = self.entity.inventory
+		floor_map: FloorMap = self.entity.floor_map
+		engine: Engine = floor_map.engine
+
+		item: Entity = inventory.access(self.index)
+
+		new_item: Entity = item.spawn(x, y, floor_map)
+
+		item.useable.current_stack -= self.amount
+		new_item.useable.current_stack = self.amount
+
+		if self.display_callback: #adjust the cursor
+			self.display_callback(-1)
+
+		engine.message_log.add_message(f"you dropped a stack of {new_item.useable.current_stack} {new_item.name}", color=colors.terminal_light)
+
+		return True
+
+
+class UsageAction(BaseAction):
+	"""Use an item from an entity's inventory, removing it if needed"""
+	index: int
+	target: Entity
+	display_callback: function
+
+	def __init__(self, entity: Entity, index: int, target: Entity, display_callback: function):
+		"""override the base __init__"""
+		super().__init__(entity)
+		self.index = index
+		self.target = target
+		self.display_callback = display_callback
+
+	def perform(self) -> bool:
+		inventory: Inventory = self.entity.inventory
+		engine: Engine = self.entity.floor_map.engine
+
+		item: Entity = inventory.access(self.index)
+		usable: BaseUseable = item.useable
+
+		if usable.apply(self.target.stats) and usable.is_stack_empty():
+			#remove the item from the inventory
+			inventory.discard(self.index)
+
+			if self.display_callback:
+				self.display_callback(-1)
+
+		msg: str = usable.get_used_msg(item.name)
+		if not msg:
+			msg = f"you used a(n) {item.name}"
+
+		engine.message_log.add_message(msg, color=colors.terminal_light)
+
+		return True
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/source/entity_types.py b/source/entity_types.py
index 091d907..a218699 100644
--- a/source/entity_types.py
+++ b/source/entity_types.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from entity import Entity
 from ai import BaseAI, AggressiveWhenSeen
 from stats import Stats
 from inventory import Inventory
+from useable import PotionOfHealing
 
 #player and utils
 player = Entity(
@@ -30,8 +31,15 @@ gobbo_red = Entity(
 	name = "Red Gobbo",
 	walkable = False,
 	ai_class  = AggressiveWhenSeen,
-	stats = Stats(hp = 5, attack = 1, defense = 0), #this guy can't catch a break
+	stats = Stats(hp = 1, attack = 2, defense = 0), #this guy can't catch a break
 )
 
 #items - conumables
-#TODO: potion of healing entity
\ No newline at end of file
+potion_of_healing = Entity(
+	char = "!",
+	color = (0, 0, 255),
+	name = "Potion of Healing",
+	walkable = True,
+    useable=PotionOfHealing(current_stack=1, maximum_stack=255, consumable=True),
+)
+
diff --git a/source/event_handlers.py b/source/event_handlers.py
index eab556a..ab1effe 100644
--- a/source/event_handlers.py
+++ b/source/event_handlers.py
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ from actions import (
 	WaitAction,
 	PickupAction,
 	DropAction,
+	DropPartialStackAction,
+	UsageAction,
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -245,9 +247,12 @@ class InventoryViewer(EventHandler):
 		#render the cursor & inventory contents
 		offset: int = 0
 		for item in self.entity.inventory.contents:
+			msg = item.name
+			if item.useable.current_stack > 1:
+				msg = f"{msg} x{item.useable.current_stack}"
 			inner_console.print(
 				4, 2 + offset,
-				string = item.name,
+				string = msg,
 				fg=colors.terminal_light, bg=colors.black,
 			)
 			offset += 1
@@ -280,10 +285,20 @@ class InventoryViewer(EventHandler):
 			#drop an item form this entity's inventory
 			item: Entity = self.entity.inventory.access(self.cursor)
 
+			#defaults
+			options = ["Use", "Drop", "Back"]
+			callback = lambda x: self.default_selector_callback(x)
+
+			#different options for different situations
+			if item.useable.current_stack > 1:
+				options = ["Use", "Drop 1", "Drop All", "Back"]
+				callback = lambda x: self.stack_selector_callback(x)
+
+			#TODO: drop 1, drop all for stacks
 			self.engine.event_handler = OptionSelector(self.engine, self,
-				title=f"Drop The {item.name}?",
-				options=["Yes", "No"],
-				callback=lambda x: self.selector_callback(x)
+				title=item.name,
+				options=options,
+				callback=callback
 			)
 
 		#TODO: hotkeys via a config
@@ -297,22 +312,49 @@ class InventoryViewer(EventHandler):
 			self.engine.event_handler = self.parent_handler
 
 	#utils
-	def selector_callback(self, answer: int) -> Optional[BaseAction]:
-		#TODO: insert a sub-selection box to choose what to do with this item
-		if answer == 0: #TODO: Use, Drop, Back
+	def default_selector_callback(self, selected: int) -> Optional[BaseAction]:
+		if selected == 0: #Use
+			return self.use()
+		elif selected == 1: #Drop
 			return self.drop()
+		elif selected == 2: #Back
+			return None #the selector does the change
+		
+	def stack_selector_callback(self, selected: int) -> Optional[BaseAction]:
+		if selected == 0: #Use
+			return self.use()
+		elif selected == 1: #Drop 1
+			return self.drop_partial_stack(1)
+		elif selected == 2: #Drop all
+			return self.drop()
+		elif selected == 3: #Back
+			return None #the selector does the change
+
+	def use(self) -> Optional[BaseAction]:
+		"""Drop the item at the cursor's position, and adjust the cursor if needed."""
+		if self.length > 0:
+			index = self.cursor
+
+			return UsageAction(self.entity, index, self.entity, lambda x: self.adjust_length(x))
+		
+	def drop_partial_stack(self, amount: int) -> Optional[BaseAction]:
+		"""Drop part of an item stack at the cursor's position, and adjust the cursor if needed."""
+		if self.length > 0:
+			index = self.cursor
+
+			return DropPartialStackAction(self.entity, index, amount, lambda x: self.adjust_length(x))
 
 	def drop(self) -> Optional[BaseAction]:
 		"""Drop the item at the cursor's position, and adjust the cursor if needed."""
 		if self.length > 0:
 			index = self.cursor
 
-			#bounds
-			self.length -= 1
-			if self.cursor >= self.length:
-				self.cursor = self.length - 1
-
-			return DropAction(self.entity, index)
+			return DropAction(self.entity, index, lambda x: self.adjust_length(x))
+	
+	def adjust_length(self, amount: int):
+		self.length += amount
+		if self.cursor >= self.length:
+			self.cursor = self.length - 1
 
 
 #generic tools
diff --git a/source/inventory.py b/source/inventory.py
index 55f9f29..9857477 100644
--- a/source/inventory.py
+++ b/source/inventory.py
@@ -11,11 +11,16 @@ class Inventory:
 	def __init__(self, contents: List[Entity] = []):
 		self._contents = contents
 
-	def insert(self, entity: Entity) -> bool:
-		if entity in self._contents:
+	def insert(self, item: Entity) -> bool:
+		if item in self._contents:
 			return False
 
-		self._contents.append(entity)
+		#check for stacking
+		if item.useable.maximum_stack > 0:
+			if self.try_stack_merge(item):
+				return True
+
+		self._contents.append(item)
 		return True
 
 	def access(self, index: int) -> Optional[Entity]:
@@ -29,9 +34,25 @@ class Inventory:
 			return None
 		else:
 			return self._contents.pop(index)
+	
+	def discard(self, index: int) -> None:
+		if index < 0 or  index >= len(self._contents):
+			pass
+		else:
+			self._contents.pop(index)
 
 	@property
 	def contents(self) -> List[Entity]:
 		return self._contents
+	
+	#utils
+	def try_stack_merge(self, new_item: Entity):
+		for item in self._contents:
+			if item.useable.is_stack_mergable(new_item.useable):
+				#TODO: add a callback in the entity if other components need to be tweaked down the road
+				item.useable.current_stack += new_item.useable.current_stack
+				new_item.useable.current_stack = 0 #just in case
+				return True
+		return False
 
 #TODO: items need a weight, inventory needs a max capacity
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/source/main.py b/source/main.py
index adf6ba5..afa2aa3 100755
--- a/source/main.py
+++ b/source/main.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def main() -> None:
 
 	engine = Engine(
 		#is created externally, because
-		floor_map = generate_floor_map(map_width, map_height, room_width_max=12, room_height_max=12),
+		floor_map = generate_floor_map(map_width, map_height, room_width_max=12, room_height_max=12, room_items_max=4),
 		ui_height = ui_height,
 
 		initial_log= [
diff --git a/source/procgen.py b/source/procgen.py
index 4060293..4ce7052 100644
--- a/source/procgen.py
+++ b/source/procgen.py
@@ -50,13 +50,19 @@ class RectangularRoom:
 			self.y2 >= other.y1
 		)
 
-def spawn_monsters(floor_map: FloorMap, room: RectangularRoom, room_monsters_max: int) -> None:
-	monster_count = random.randint(0, room_monsters_max)
+def spawn_monsters(floor_map: FloorMap, room: RectangularRoom, room_monsters_max: int, floor_monsters_max: int) -> None:
+	if "monster_count" not in floor_map.procgen_cache:
+		floor_map.procgen_cache["monster_count"] = 0
+	else:
+		if floor_monsters_max >= 0 and floor_map.procgen_cache["monster_count"] >= floor_monsters_max:
+			return #cap the monsters total
 
 	#There can only be one
 	if "gobbo_red" not in floor_map.procgen_cache:
 		floor_map.procgen_cache["gobbo_red"] = False
 
+	monster_count = random.randint(0, room_monsters_max)
+
 	for i in range(monster_count):
 		#admittedly weird layout here, because player isn't in the entities list yet
 		x, y = floor_map.player.x, floor_map.player.y
@@ -65,13 +71,32 @@ def spawn_monsters(floor_map: FloorMap, room: RectangularRoom, room_monsters_max
 			y = random.randint(room.y1 + 1, room.y2 - 1)
 
 		#if there's no entity at that position
-		if not any(entity.x == x and entity.y == y for entity in floor_map.entities):
+		if not any(entity.x == x and entity.y == y and not entity.walkable for entity in floor_map.entities):
 			#there's never more than one red gobbo, but there can be none at all
 			if not floor_map.procgen_cache["gobbo_red"] and random.random() < 0.2:
 				floor_map.procgen_cache["gobbo_red"] = True
 				entity_types.gobbo_red.spawn(x, y, floor_map)
 			else:
 				entity_types.gobbo.spawn(x, y, floor_map)
+			floor_map.procgen_cache["monster_count"] += 1
+
+def spawn_items(floor_map: FloorMap, room: RectangularRoom, room_items_max: int, floor_items_max: int) -> None:
+	item_count = random.randint(0, room_items_max)
+
+	if "item_count" not in floor_map.procgen_cache:
+		floor_map.procgen_cache["item_count"] = 0
+	else:
+		if floor_items_max >= 0 and floor_map.procgen_cache["item_count"] >= floor_items_max:
+			return #cap the item total
+
+	for i in range(item_count):
+		x = random.randint(room.x1 + 1, room.x2 - 1)
+		y = random.randint(room.y1 + 1, room.y2 - 1)
+
+		#if there's no entity at that position (not really needed for walkable entities)
+		if not any(entity.x == x and entity.y == y for entity in floor_map.entities):
+			entity_types.potion_of_healing.spawn(x, y, floor_map)
+			floor_map.procgen_cache["item_count"] += 1
 
 #generators
 def generate_floor_map(
@@ -82,9 +107,12 @@ def generate_floor_map(
 	room_width_min: int = 6,
 	room_height_min: int = 6,
 	room_count_max: int = 20,
-	room_monsters_max: int = 2
+	room_monsters_max: int = 2,
+	room_items_max: int = 1,
+	floor_monsters_max: int = -1,
+	floor_items_max: int = -1,
 ) -> FloorMap:
-	#simplistic floor generator
+	#simplistic floor generator - it'll get rewritten eventually
 	floor_map: FloorMap = FloorMap(map_width, map_height)
 
 	rooms: List[RectangularRoom] = []
@@ -110,7 +138,9 @@ def generate_floor_map(
 			for x, y in make_corridor(rooms[-1].center, new_room.center):
 				floor_map.tiles[x, y] = tile_types.floor
 
-		spawn_monsters(floor_map, new_room, room_monsters_max)
+		spawn_monsters(floor_map, new_room, room_monsters_max, floor_monsters_max)
+
+		spawn_items(floor_map, new_room, room_items_max, floor_items_max)
 
 		rooms.append(new_room)
 
diff --git a/source/stats.py b/source/stats.py
index 021ba15..36b9f08 100644
--- a/source/stats.py
+++ b/source/stats.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 import colors
 
 from event_handlers import GameOverHandler
-from useable import BaseUseable
+from useable import Unuseable
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
 	from engine import Engine
@@ -47,9 +47,10 @@ class Stats:
 			engine.message_log.add_message(f"The {self.entity.name} died", colors.yellow)
 
 		#transform into a dead body
+		#TODO: dummied in a "usable" to let dead objects be treated like items
 		self.entity.char = "%"
 		self.entity.color = (191, 0, 0)
 		self.entity.walkable = True
 		self.entity.ai = None #TODO: Could decay over time
-		self.entity.useable = BaseUseable() #TODO: dummied in a "usable" to let dead objects be treated like items
+		self.entity.useable = Unuseable()
 		self.entity.name = f"Dead {self.entity.name}"
diff --git a/source/useable.py b/source/useable.py
index cb8bb5b..07fe50f 100644
--- a/source/useable.py
+++ b/source/useable.py
@@ -1,31 +1,97 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
-
-from actions import BaseAction
+from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
 	from stats import Stats
 
 class BaseUseable:
 	"""Base type for useable items, with various utilities"""
+	current_stack: int
+	maximum_stack: int
+	consumable: bool
 
-	def apply(self, stats: Stats) -> BaseAction:
-		"""Use this item's effects"""
+	def __init__(self, *, current_stack: int = 1, maximum_stack: int = -1, consumable: bool = False):
+		self.current_stack = current_stack
+		self.maximum_stack = maximum_stack
+		self.consumable = consumable
+
+	def apply(self, stats: Stats) -> bool:
+		"""
+		Use this item's effects.
+
+		Returns `True` if the item's state changed.
+		"""
 		raise NotImplementedError()
 
+	def get_used_msg(self, appearance: str) -> Optional[str]:
+		"""
+		May return a string to display to the user.
 
-class PotionOfHealing(BaseUseable): #TODO: Finish the potion of healing
-	"""Restore a specified amount of health to the given Stats object"""
-	amount: int
+		`appearance` is what the item looks like, and can be substituted into the result.
+		"""
+		return None #default
+	
+	#utils
+	def reduce_stack(self, amount: int = 1) -> bool:
+		"""
+		Reduce the size of a stack by an amount.
 
-	def __init__(self, amount: int):
-		self.amount = amount
+		Returns `True` if this item should be deleted.
+		"""
+		if self.maximum_stack > 0:
+			self.current_stack -= amount
+			return self.current_stack <= 0
+		return self.consumable
+
+	def is_stack_empty(self) -> bool:
+		return self.consumable and self.maximum_stack > 0 and self.current_stack <= 0
+	
+	def is_stack_mergable(self, other: BaseUseable) -> bool:
+		"""
+		If this returns `True`, this instance can be merged with the other instance.
+		"""
+		if self.__class__ is not other.__class__:
+			return False
+
+		max_stack = max(self.maximum_stack, other.maximum_stack)
+		return self.current_stack + other.current_stack <= max_stack
+
+
+class Unuseable(BaseUseable):
+	"""A placeholder Useable for dead entities."""
+
+	def __init__(self):
+		super().__init__() #enforce defaults
+
+	def apply(self, stats: Stats) -> bool:
+		return None
+
+	def get_used_msg(self, appearance: str) -> Optional[str]:
+		return f"This {appearance} is utterly useless."
+
+
+class PotionOfHealing(BaseUseable):
+	"""Restores 4d4 health when applied."""
+	__last_roll: int = -1
+
+	def apply(self, stats: Stats) -> bool:
+		self.__last_roll = roll_dice(4, 4)
+		stats.current_hp += self.__last_roll
+		return self.reduce_stack()
+	
+	def get_used_msg(self, appearance: str) -> Optional[str]:
+		return f"You restored {self.__last_roll} health."
 
-	def apply(self, stats: Stats) -> BaseAction:
-		"""Use this item's effects"""
-		raise NotImplementedError()
 
 # NOTE: NetHack's version
 # Healing:			8d4 | 6d4 | 4d4. If the result is above MaxHP, MaxHP is incrased by 1 | 1 | 0.
 # Extra Healing:	8d8 | 6d8 | 4d8. If the result is above MaxHP, MaxHP is incrased by 5 | 2 | 0.
 # Full Healing:		400 | 400 | 400. If the result is above MaxHP, MaxHP is incrased by 8 | 4 | 0.
+
+#TODO: move this into a different file
+import random
+def roll_dice(number: int, sides: int) -> int:
+	total: int = 0
+	for i in range(number):
+		total += random.randint(1, sides)
+	return total